短语动词高频考点聚焦

2020-10-26 02:24王秀凤
考试与评价·八年级版 2020年1期
关键词:及物动词辨析副词

王秀凤

【考点聚焦】

一、概念

短语动词是指英语中有些动词和其他词类一起连用,构成一个固定词组,可看成一个整体,相当于一个单独的动词,这种组合称之为短语动词。短语动词的搭配可分为六种基本类型。

二、分类及用法

考点1:动词+介词

动词与介词构成的短语相当于一个及物动词,其宾语位置比较固定,一般都位于介词之后。常见的此类介词有for, about, of, after, from, into, to, with, at等。

常见的这类短语有:wait for 等待;look after 照顾;look for 寻找;hear from 收到某人的来信;look at 看……;depend on 依靠;ask for 请求;询问;agree with 同意;stand for 代表;pay for 付费;send for 派人去请;take after 像;hear of 听说等。

考点2:动词+副词

这类短语动词有的可用作及物动词,有的可用作不及物动词。当用作及物动词且其宾语是名词时,该宾语可位于短语动词之后,也可位于短语动词之间;当其宾语是代词时,则该宾语只能置于短语动词中间。常见的此类副词有away, out, off, up, down, back, in, along等。

常见的这类短语有:cheer up 振奋起来;clean up 打扫干净;put up 张贴;举起;get up 起床;turn up 调大;make up 编造;stay up 熬夜;take up 开始做;set up 建立;cut up 切碎;fix up 修理;work out 算出;give out 分发;give away 赠送;think over 仔细思考;turn over 把……翻过来;hand in 上交;start off 动身;come back 回来;get down 下来;hold on 等一下;别挂断;look out 当心;小心;get away逃离等。

考点3:动词+副词+介词

这类短语相当于一个及物动词,所带宾语总是位于介词之后。

常见的这类短语有:get out of 离开,从……出来;come up with 想出;look forward to 盼望;catch up with 赶上;come up to 走近;go on with 继续;run out of 用光;耗尽;look down upon 瞧不起等。

考点4:动词+名词+介词

这类短语相当于一个及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后。

常见的这类短语有:have a look at 看一看;make friends with 与……交朋友;take care of 照顾;pay attention to 注意;take part in 参加;make use of 利用;take notice of 注意;make fun of 取笑等。

考點5:be+形容词+介词

这类短语也相当于及物动词,其后要跟宾语,宾语放在介词后。

常见的这类短语有:be good at 擅长于……;be good with 对……有办法;be interested in对……感兴趣;be similar to 与……相像;be strict in / with 在……方面严格/对……严格;be familiar with 熟悉;be different from 与……不同;be full of 装满等。

考点6:动词+名词

常见的此类动词有have, take, give, make等。

常见的这类短语有:have a rest 休息一下;take a walk 散步;make a wish 许愿;take a message捎个口信等。

【经典试题】

1. My deskmate and I are going to ______ a talk show at the party to celebrate the 70th birthday of our motherland.

A. hand in                   B. put on

C. take out                     D. go on with

【解析】考查短语动词的词义辨析:hand in 上交;put on 上演;穿上;增重;take out 带出去;go on with 继续。题意为 “我的同桌和我打算上演一个谈话节目来庆祝祖国的70 周年诞辰”,故选 B。

2. —Shall we go to the airport to ______ your sister?

—I dont think its necessary. She will come here by taxi.

A. see off                    B. pick up

C. look after              D. come across

【解析】句意:——我们去机场接你的姐姐,好吗?——我想这没有必要,她会乘出租车来这里。see off为某人送行;pick up拾起;接某人;look after照顾;come across偶然遇见。根据She will come here by taxi. 可知,这里表示“去机场接……”,故选B。

3. Theyll succeed in working out the problem because they never ______.

A. wake up                 B. give up

C. look up                   D. make up

【解析】 句意:他們会成功地解决这个问题,因为他们从没放弃。考查短语动词辨析。wake up 醒来;give up 放弃;look up 查找;make up 编造。because“因为”,表原因,根据Theyll succeed in working out the problem可知A、C、D三项意思都不合句意,故选B。

4. Dont forget to ______ the lights when they are not in use!

A. turn over               B. turn off

C. turn up                   D. turn on

【解析】 句意“当你不使用灯时,不要忘记关掉它们”。turn over 移交;turn off 关闭;turn up 出现;turn on 打开。根据句意可知,不用灯时要关灯,故选B。

【拓展】 与turn有关的短语:turn down 调低(音量等);turn up 调高(音量等);turn off 关闭;turn on 打开;turn around 转身;turn over 翻转;turn left 左转;turn right 右转;turn out 结果是

5. Those young firemen were brave enough to ______ the fire in the forest.

A. work out                B. put out

C. hand out                D. look out

【解析】 句意:那些年轻的消防队员足够勇敢地扑灭了森林中的大火。work out 解出,算出;put out 熄灭;hand out 上交;look out 小心。根据句意可知是扑灭大火。故选B。

【牛刀小试】

1. The English Speech Competition ______ the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.

A. checked out          B. tried out

C. left out                   D. brought out

2. Would you please ______ the light? I cant sleep well with it on.

A. turn on                   B. turn off

C. turn to          D. turn around

3. All the members decided to ______ the money from the book sale to homeless people.

A. give up                   B. give away

C. take up                  D. take away

4. Miss Lee likes ______. She tells everyone that she has got a new car.

A. coming out           B. showing off

C. turning out           D. taking off

5. On the first day of Chinese New Year, we ______ new clothes and visit people.

A. pick up              B. put on

C. take off         D. throw away

猜你喜欢
及物动词辨析副词
“论证说理”与“沟通说服”:高考论述类与实用类写作之异同辨析
短句—副词+谓语
正误辨析一例
同义词组辨析练习
副词和副词词组
Swagger:气场压人
及物与不及物动词的用法与区别
新目标英语七年级(下)units 1~6复习小结
hardly是hard的派生词吗?
happen“发生”的奥秘