韧性视角下的绿色基础设施

当前，国际组织尤其是以联合国人居署（UN-Habitat）、环境署（UNEP）、粮食及农业组织（FAO）与开发计划署（UNDP）为代表的工作框架中，提出了治理、管理、空间实践、数据科学与金融各个领域的协同支持开展。中国的绿色基础设施（Green Infrastructure，GI）研究主要聚焦国土空间规划背景下管控土地利用并引导新的城乡结构、挖掘生态系统复杂性和多样性，同时，强调其在存量更新中微观及中观层面的社会性和地方性。绿色基础设施作为支撑人类社会与自然的“绿色生命支持系统”，与传统绿色空间相比，更注重对自然与半自然要素的多尺度审视，强调尺度分类、多功能效益与网络建设，可引导各生态规划协同开展。

早在19世纪50年代，绿色基础设施概念起源于绿地规划，旨在为社会提供多种功能和效益的开放空间完整网络。20世纪90年代初，查尔斯·利特尔首次明确定义绿色基础设施为“绿道系统的扩展”和“全新的基础设施类别”，将绿色基础设施概念正式引入公众视野。至今，虽然在不同的国家、地区和学科中，对于绿色基础设施的理解不尽相同，但绿色基础设施的概念反映了城市发展中从环境质量到生态效益综合理解的动态过程。绿色基础设施肩负着提升生态系统服务与稳定性，应对全球气候变化等环境风险的重要任务，在经历扰动的同时保持适应压力和变化的韧性能力，成为国际和地区间探索生态空间治理的共同语境之一。

本期专题“绿色基础设施韧性研究的国际经验”，聚焦于绿色基础设施韧性研究的国际化视角与合作，总结了近年在综合治理、规划技术和管理运维等方面的研究进展。基于调节、供给、文化三大生态系统服务类型，选取评估生态系统服务供需权衡的指标和对应权重，构建了乡村生态空间规划场景下的生态系统服务价值评测模型及优化方向；梳理布达佩斯绿色基础设施规划发展脉络，阐述了其现有绿色空间及自然资源的调查分析与分类实施管理及启示等；探讨基于生态系统的防灾减灾（Eco-DRR）的基本概念，及其在日本防灾减灾研究实践中的发展历程，从抑制危险自然现象的发生、避免风险暴露性和减少脆弱性方面形成了工作机制；剖析了拉丁美洲的安第斯山脉地区城市化进程，以及当代高山人居如何通过与传统智慧、社区内外的多元主体、以及知识生产和转化过程中的多维合作，推动绿基体系应对人地和城乡发展的不平衡；联合国视角的景观干预过程中整合生态—社会—经济维度，促进协同发展，并建议中国在景观治理领域行动策略，从而有效参与到全球生态治理中。

中国正处在国土空间规划体系深化改革的关键时期，且在绿色基础设施韧性的国际合作研究中，扮演着越来越重要的角色，本期研讨立足国际视野，不仅为借鉴国际经验的中国学术研究提供素材，也为开展全球科研合作打开窗口。

2024年2月4日

Green Infrastructure from a Resilience Perspective

Currently, international organizations, especially those represented by theUnited Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), Environment Programme(UNEP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), have proposed synergistic support for governance, management, spatial practice, data science and finance in their work frameworks.Green Infrastructure (GI) research in China focuses on controlling land use and guiding new urban and rural structures in the context of territorial spatial planning, tapping into the complexity and diversity of ecosystems, and at the same time emphasizes its social and local nature at the micro and meso levels of stock renewal.As a “green life support system” supporting human society and nature, green infrastructure, compared with traditional green space, focuses more on the multi-scale examination of natural and semi-natural elements, emphasizes scale classification, multi-functional benefits and network construction, and can guide the synergistic development of various ecological plans.

As early as the 1850s, the concept of green infrastructure originated in green space planning to provide society with a complete network of open spaces with multiple functions and benefits.In the early 1990s, Charles Little introduced the concept of green infrastructure to the public by explicitly defining it for the first time as “an extension of the greenway system” and “a whole new category of infrastructure”.To date, although the understanding of green infrastructure varies across countries,regions and disciplines, the concept of green infrastructure reflects the dynamic process of urban development from environmental quality to a comprehensive understanding of eco-efficiency.Green infrastructure shoulders the important tasks of enhancing ecosystem services and stability, responding to environmental risks such as global climate change, and maintaining the resilience capacity to adapt to pressures and changes while experiencing perturbations, and has become one of the common contexts for exploring ecological spatial governance at the international and regional levels.

The topic of this issue, “International Experience in Research on Resilience of Green Infrastructure”, focuses on international perspectives and cooperation in green infrastructure resilience research, and summarizes the research progress in integrated governance, planning technology and management and operation and maintenance in recent years.Based on the three major ecosystem service types of regulation,provisioning and culture, the indicators and corresponding weights for assessing the trade-off between supply and demand of ecosystem services were selected, and the ecosystem service value assessment model and optimization direction under the rural ecological spatial planning scenario were constructed; The development lineage of green infrastructure planning in Budapest was sorted out, and the investigation and analysis of the existing green space and natural resources and the management of its categorized implementation and revelation, etc.were elaborated; The basic concept of Eco-DRR and its development process in disaster prevention and reduction research practice in Japan were explored, and a working mechanism in terms of suppressing the occurrence of hazardous natural phenomena, avoiding risk-exposedness and reducing vulnerability was formed; the urbanization process in the Andes region of Latin America, as well as how contemporary high-altitude human settlements promote the green base system to address the imbalance of human land and urban-rural development through various measures were analyzed; The ecological, social, and economic dimensions of landscape intervention from the perspective of the United Nations were integrated, and the China’s action strategies in the field of landscape governance were proposed, so as to effectively participate in global ecological governance.

China is in a critical period of deepening reform of its spatial planning system,and is playing an increasingly important role in international cooperative research on the resilience of green infrastructure.This issue is based on an international perspective, which not only provides material for Chinese academic research based on international experience, but also opens a window for global research cooperation.

February 4th, 2024