比较级的考查——ＮＭＥＴ的热点之一

唐　春

一直以来，形容词副词的三级比较都是高考试题中的热点之一，尤其是形容词的比较级更是如此。仅以2008年高考为例，各地高考试题中有6道题涉及到三级比较，其中同级比较2道，形容词的比较级3道，副词比较级1道。本文主要就形容词比较级作一简单分析。请看下面几题：

1. It is __________ to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending on trying to make people ___________ after they are ill. (2008江苏卷30)

A. good … goodB. well … better C. better … better D. better … good

答案：C。

解析：考点是：形容词比较等级。本句为复合句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to spend … 。rather than是固定短语，意为“与其……倒不如……；而不是”。其句意为：与其把钱花在生病后让人康复上倒不如将钱花在通过提升健康的生活来预防疾病来得好。rather than是本题的解题关键；表示身体好一般用well，而不是good，所以排除法也是常见的解题技巧之一。如果说第一空rather than是比较级的特征的话，第二空就需要考生根据句意来分析得出结论了。

失分诊断：没有正确分析句子的结构，没有弄清楚两者之间的比较关系。本题的比较关系有两个，第一是spend money on preventing illnesses和on trying to…的两个方面，第二个是make people better after they are ill,生病后花钱看病让人身体比没看病时好一些。

2. In my view, Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ________ in traffic. (2008上海卷)

A. the most organizedB. more organizedC. so organized as D. as organized as

答案：B。

解析：此题考查形容词比较级的用法。根据句意知“在我看来，伦敦的……从价格上看不如东京的贵，但是，从交通看，东京比伦敦更有序”。本句后面实际上是省略了than Tokyo,所以二者进行比较，只能选择答案B。在表示否定的同级比较时，常用本句前面出现“not so / as …as”结构，意为“前者不如后者”。

失分诊断：没有正确理解题意，找到抓点，本题显然是两者之间的比较。拎出Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo = Tokyos is more expensive in price than London，即否定的同级比较等于比较级。

3. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times______. (2008浙江卷)

A. as muchB. as manyC. so muchD. so many

答案：A

解析：本题考查的是倍数表达法。表示“A是B的多少倍”可以用“A+谓语动词+倍数+as+形容词原级+(as + B)”的结构来表示，如果上文已经提到A是与B相比较，也就是说上文已经提到了与A相比较的对象，那么两者在比较时可以将第二个as和比较对象B省略掉。例如：This room is a little larger than that one, but it is four times as expensive。本句的意思是：我更喜欢这件上衣而不喜欢那件，但这件上衣的价钱几乎是那件的三倍。另外，表示“A是B的多少倍”还可以用以下两种结构来表示1）A+谓语动词+倍数+形容词的比较级+ than +B。2）A+谓语动词+倍数+名词+of +B。

失分诊断：第一没有熟悉倍数的常见表达法，根据选项可知本题考查的是“倍数+ as + 原形 (+as …)；第二是as和so的区别，在肯定句中同级比较中只能用as…as..；第三many和much的使用对象，本题是两件衣服所花的钱进行比较，因而暗含的money是不可数名词用much。

比较级十大基本点及考点归纳

①双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。如：This pen is better than that one．

②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示。如：This room is less beautiful than that one．

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：much, even, a bit, a lot, still, rather, by far等修饰。例如：He works even harder than before．

但比较级前如无even, still,或yet 等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”。

注意：by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。

如：He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，

用“the＋比较级(主语+谓语)，the＋比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构。

⑤不与其它事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。

例如：The weather is getting colder and colder．

⑥表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

A) A is three (four, etc.) times the size (height, length, width, etc) of B.

B) A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.

C) A is three (four, etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider, etc.) than B.

用 times 表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double。

⑦“冠词a +比较级”可以用在否定句中，表示最高级；也可以用在肯定句中，用来泛指；

表示特指两者之中的那一个，用the +比较级。如：

—How do you like the film?

—Great. Ive never seen a better one.

⑧not, never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用，表示最高级含义。意为：再没有比……更……的了。

⑨“not more+比较级+than”结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。

“no+比较级+than”结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定。

⑩在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that (those)，one(ones) 代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如：

The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．

高考真题演练

1. It looks like the weather is changing for ______. Shall we stick to our plan? (2008辽宁卷)

A. the worse B. worse C. the worst D. worst

2. Ten years ago the population of our village was_________ that of theirs. (2008陕西卷)

A. as twice large asB. twice as large asC. twice as much asD. as twice much as

3. Boris has brains．In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has ______ IQ. (2002全国卷)

A. a high B. a higherC. the higherD. the highest

4.—Is your headache getting _______?

—No, its worse. (2005全国卷II)

A. better B. bad C. less D. well

5. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.9 seconds, and I have not seen ______ this year. (2005浙江卷)

A. the best B. better C. the most D. more

6.—Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?

—Thank you. _________. (2005江西卷)

A. It couldnt be better B. Of course you can C. If you like D. Its up to you

7. After two years research, we now have a _______ better understanding of the disease. (2007年

全国卷)

A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite

8. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his ____ one. (2007全国卷)

A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known

9. With April 18s railway speedup, highway and air transport will have to compete with ______ service for passengers. (2007江苏卷29)

A. good B. better C. best D. the best

10. The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted __________ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while. (2007江西卷)

A. goodB. better C. best D. well

11. Though he started late. Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if _____, David. (2007陕西卷)

A. not better than B. not better C. no better than D. better

12. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _______.

(2007北京)

A. early B. earlierC. earliest D. the earliest

13. Your story is perfect; Ive never heard __________before. (2006全国卷Ⅱ)

A. the better oneB. the best one C. a better oneD. a good one

14. I wish youd do ________ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. (06江苏卷)

A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more

15. I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen ________. (2006江西卷)

A. better B. worseC. the best D. the worst

16.—Did you take enough money with you?

—No, I needed ___________I thought I would. (2006全国卷Ⅱ)

A. not so much as B. as much asC. much more than D. much less than

17. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _______ water and electricity than _______ models. (2006北京卷)

A. less; olderB. less；elderC. fewer; olderD. fewer; elder

18.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

—Yes. Ive never been to________ one before.(2006四川卷)

A. a more excitedB. the most excitedC. a more exciting D. the most exciting

19. I used to earn _______ than a pound a week when I first started work. (2006陕西卷)

A. a little B. a fewC. fewerD. less

20. Some experts think that language learning is much ___________for children as their tongues are more flexible. (2006上海春季卷)

A. easyB. easier C. easilyD. more easily

21. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels________ desire to go to bed. (2005江苏卷)

A. the most B. moreC. worse D. the least

答案及解析：

1. A。此题考查形容词比较级和最高级的运用，没有运用常见的比较结构“than”，而是让学生从语意中体会，增加了考查难度。句中for为介词，后面为名词和动名词。The better (weather) 中的 weather 省略。

2. B。表示倍数twice as large as

3. B。本题考查形容词比较级的用法。句中brains是"智力"的意思，如即下文说到的IQ（intelligence quo- tient智商）之意，本题的命题者运用了曲折表达的手法，句子意思是将 Boris与班上其它人相比，则应用比较级，不应用最高级。a＋比较级(higher)表示一个／种，指比Boris更高的智商，故选B。又如：

How beautifully she sings! Ive never heard a better voice. (NMET96)

4. A。比较级，表示你的头痛好点了吗？和下面的回答相反，因为没有变好，所以他下面说变坏了。

5. B。这里前半句说的是bob跑了9.91秒的100米成绩这个事实，后半句紧接的意思应该是今年我还没看到过比这更好的成绩了，所以用比较级来表示最高级。

6. A。考查交际用语。意思是“再好不过了”。“否定词 + 比较级”相当于最高级。

7. B。四个选项中只有far可以修饰比较级，其它只能修饰原形。

8. C。根据前面of all the songs的语境，后面应该是well-known的最高级best-known。

9. B。形容词或副词的比较级表示两者间的比较。根据所提供的情景“With April 18s railway speedup”可判断出公路和航空将以对旅客更好的服务来进行竞争。形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,意为“最……”。

10. B。taste是系动词，但本题最主要的是能领会出比较级的含义。根据语境if it had been

put in the fridge for a little while “如果能在冰箱里放一会”得出“西瓜味道会更好”这一比较级。

11. B。省略说法,相当于Though he started late. Mr. Guo played the piano as well as David , if he did not play better than David.

12. B。根据前面的new group of students 的better-behaved和后面的than the other group, 可知此题是考查比较级的用法.

13. C。形容词比较级表示两种事物的比较。a better one表示“比较好的一个”，用于否定句时，表示没有一个比你讲的故事再好了。形式上的比较表示“最高级”。

14. A。less是little的比较级，表示“较少的”，根据Thus things will become better以及所提供的情景some more work可判断出要少说话，多干活。

15. B。首先判断出空白处应该用比较级和前半句的film比较。另外从前半句的意思“我不认为这个电影是最无趣的”上判断，后半句应该是“我曾看过(比这)更差的”。所以选B。

16. C。much more than I thought I would表示“需要比我认为要用的要多得多”。根据no可判断出说话人没有带足够的钱。not so much as I thought I would表示“需要的钱没有我认为要用的多”，即表示已带足了钱。as much as I thought I would表示“需要的钱与我认为要用的钱一样多”，所以选C。

17. A。little用于修饰不可数名词，few修饰复数可数名词。water是不可数名词，要用little修饰。再根据than可确定用比较级。这台洗衣机比老式型号的洗衣机用的水和电少。older表示年龄大或时间长，意为“较老的”。elder用于表示人的出生顺序，意为“年长的”。

18. C。第二句Yes. Ive never been to a more exciting one before意思是从来没参加过如此激动人心的(聚会)。这句虽然是表示这个聚会是我参加的最激动人心的，但因为有否定意义的词，所以用比较级来表示最高级的意思。另外注意exciting与excited的区别。

19. D。little用于修饰不可数名词，few修饰复数可数名词。根据句意可判断出这里指的是每周挣多少钱，money是不可数名词，要用little修饰，再根据than可确定用比较级，表示在开始工作时每周挣的钱少于一英镑。

20. B。空格处所选应该是系动词is的表语，用形容词。根据后面的more flexible (他们的舌头)更加柔软灵活，可以知道要用比较级。(所以专家认为小孩学习语言更容易一些。)

21. D。检查考生在特定语境下对名词修饰语的辨析和运用能力。上文中的excited 是信息词，由于兴奋而没有睡觉的欲望。least是little的最高级，表示否定，意思是“一点欲望也没有”，所以选D。