SM3R阅读法：一种高效的英语阅读方法

廖砳

英语阅读理解涉及语篇、段落、句子、词汇四个层次的理解问题，其中根本的是对词汇的理解。词汇是构成语言的基本元素，句子则是表达意思的基本结构。如果掌握的词汇量太少，读一篇文章，处处是生词，就会处处碰壁，文章不可能顺利读懂。英语阅读理解的关键则在于真正读懂文章。读懂每一句话表达的意思是真正读懂一段话、一篇文章的基础。

在英语阅读教学中，大力倡导的SM3R阅读法旨在培养学生的自主阅读能力，锻炼他们分析、综合的逻辑思维能力。

SM3R阅读法的操作共分五步。

第一步：S－survey（浏览）。在阅读一本书或一篇文章之前，先浏览目录、小标题、前言（说明）和图表，在阅读文章的正文之前，先浏览每篇或每段的开头和结尾，寻找文章的主题句和结论，获取文章的重要信息。

第二步：M—main ideas（大概意思）。学生根据初步获得的信息，回忆文章的大概意思再阅读。

第三步：R－read（阅读）。仔细地阅读文章和回答自行提出的问题，并在表达文章的中心思想和重要细节的地方画线，以便了解学生的理解程度，要求将所读文章的中心思想作为每天值日报告中的一项内容，突出阅读中的说。

第四步：R－recite（列举纲要）。在阅读过程中把文章的提纲列出来，归纳文章的中心思想和重要细节，并用口、笔头形式复述出来。

第五步：R－review（复习）。及时复习阅读笔记，加深对文章的理解和认识；巩固学到的新词组，再带着纲要、新词汇、主题句等阅读课文。必要时可选择一个主题段落背诵、默写。

下面以2009年四川高考卷B篇为例，原文如下：

July 21st，2007 was a typical English summers day—it rained for 24 hours.As usual，I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house.Nothing was amiss.By the time I lift work at 5 pm，however，the road into our village was flooded.Our house bad never been flooded but，as I opened the front door，a wave of water greeted me.Thank God the kids werent with me，because the house was 5 feet deep in water.We lost everything downstairs.And the plaster had to be torn off the walls，ceilings pulled down.

At first we tried to push on through.We didnt want to move the children out of home，so we camped upstairs.We put a sheet of plastic across the floor to protect us from the damp.But after three months，we felt very sick， so we moved to a wooden house in a park.The house was small，but at first we were all just delighted to be in a new place.Unfortunately，things took longer than expected and we were there for 10 months.The life there was inconvenient.What surprised me most was how much I missed being part of a community（社区）.We had lived in a friendly village with good neighbors，and Id never thought how much Id miss that.

Although-our situation was very bad，its difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at whats happening elsewhere.I watched a news report about floods in Northern India and thought，“We didnt have a straw hut（茅草房）that was swept away，and our house is still sanding.Were lucky.”

We moved back home in August.With December coming，theres reconstruction work to be done，so its difficult to prepare for Christmas. But I cant wait—Im going to throw a party for our friends in the village to say thanks for their support.This year，I wont need any gifts—living away from home for months has made me realize how little we actually need or miss all our possessions.Although we are replacing things，theres really no rush—we have our home back，and thats the main thing.

第一步，我们先看每段的开头和结尾。

P1:July 21st，2007 was a typical English summers day—it rained for 24 hours!And the plaster had to be torn off the walls，ceilings pulled down.

P2:At first we tried to push on through.We had lived in a friendly village with good neighbors，and Id never thought how much Id miss that.

P3:Although-our situation was very bad，its difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at whats happening elsewhere.Were lucky.

P4:We moved back home in August.we have our home back，and thats the main thing.

第二步，回忆文章的大意。本文夹叙夹议，大灾之后更加看重亲情和邻里之间的友情（have our home back）。

第三步，再精读原文，并在表达文章的中心思想和重要细节的地方画线。

Nothing was amiss.Thank God the kids werent with me，Although-our situation was very bad，its difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at whats happening elsewhere.we have our home back，and thats the main thing.

第四步，列举纲要。

P1：遭受洪灾，一楼家具全毁，所幸孩子们未受伤害。

P2：搬进公园一个简易的木房，但我们更怀念住在社区的日子。

P3：参照其他重灾区，我们已是幸运。

P4：我们重新回到了家，举办圣诞派对以示感谢村民。

第五步，复习。及时复习阅读笔记，加深对文章的理解和认识；巩固学到的新词组，再带着纲要、新词汇、主题句等上阅读课，并要求学生背诵第一和第四，因这两段最能体现作者表达的主题思想。

当然，在英语阅读教学中，一方面我们不排斥分析难句、解析新语法现象、精练语法知识和语言点，也不排斥略读（skim）、扫读（scan）或跳读（skip）、细读、精读，总结单元和篇章、惯用法、成语、习语、口语表达法等常规教学步骤和方法，另一方面，阅读教学需要加强学生听、读课文，培养其语感，并且根据精读材料，用自己所学的英语知识，进行归类、分析、总结。只有这样，才能让学生越读越会，越学越有兴趣。