中考英语形容词考察热点归纳及真题分析

2014-07-16 13:14马婧
中学生英语·中考指导版 2014年4期
关键词:原级比较级形容词

马婧

形容词是中考英语中必考的语法知识点。本文将主要对考试中常见的几种考查形容词的方式进行归纳总结,并对最新中考中出现的相关真题进行分析,希望能对大家的中考复习和备考有所帮助。

【热门考点】

1. 形容词在句中的基本用法;

2. 形容词比较等级的构成及用法;

3. 形容词比较等级的常用句型。

一、形容词的功能

形容词是用来说明人或事物是什么样或看上去怎么样;形容词在句中一般可作定语、表语、宾语补足语;当形容词修饰由some, any, no等构成的复合不定代词时,要放在这些词的后面。

例如:

The flower smells good and I like it very much. (作表语)

Its a cold and windy day. (作定语)

Your room is very dirty. You should keep it clean. (作宾语补足语)

Have you bought anything unusual for Lindas birthday? (作定语)

二、复合形容词的构成及用法

由连字符号连接起来的复合形容词作定语时,总是放在所修饰的名词前面,而且复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式。

例如:

I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child.

Last year, one hundred English teachers took part in the two-month English Summer Training.

三、形容词比较等级的构成及用法

1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成

单音节或个别双音节的形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er或-est构成的;多音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在其前面加more或most构成的;个别形容词如:good, bad, many, much等的比较级和最高级的构成形式要特殊记忆。

例如:

tall—taller—tallest heavy—heavier—heaviest

big—bigger—biggest nice—nicer—nicest

beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful

good/well—better—best bad/ill—worse—worst

many/much—more—most

2. 形容词比较级和最高级的用法及句型结构

(1)比较级一般用于两者之间的比较。比较级的常用句型为:“A+连系动词+形容词比较级+than+ B(+连系动词)”。

例如:

I think Chinese is easier than any other subject.

Now the air in our city is worse than it used to be.

I didnt buy the second-hand book because the seller wanted more money than I had expected.

(2)“the +形容词比较级,the +形容词比较级”结构的意思是“越……,越……”。

例如:

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.

The less exercise you take, the fatter youll be.

(3)“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”表示“越来越……”,此时是在词尾加-er构成的比较级;若比较级是在形容词前加more构成的,则要用“more and more +形容词原级”。

例如:

When winter comes, days get shorter and shorter.

The flowers are more and more beautiful.

(4) 最高级一般用于三者以上的比较,常与表示比较级范围的介词in或of等连用。一般情况下形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the,但当其前面有了形容词性的物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词等时,则不再用定冠词the。

例如:

Yao Ming is the tallest Chinese basketball player that ever played in NBA.

Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.

Jim is my best friend.

(5) “one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词”,表示“最……之一 ”,是形容词最高级常用的句型。

例如:

Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.

Pudong International Airport is one of the biggest airports in the world.

(6) 在“as ... as ...”及“not so / as ... as ...”结构中,要用形容词的原级,意思是“……与……一样……”、“……与……不一样……”。endprint

例如:

The dish is as good as the one I cooked yesterday.

Li Huas shoes arent as / so cheap as Zhang Huis.

(7) 在选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,要用比较级;若供选择的是三者以上,要用最高级。

例如:

Which is stronger, an elephant or a tiger?

Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?

(8)“主语A + be + 形容词比较级+ than + any other + 单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”,若不是“同一范围内”则不可用any。

例如:

Tony is taller than any other student in his class.

Tony is taller than any student in Toms class.

3. 形容词比较级和原级的修饰语

比较级常用much, even, a lot, a little, a bit等来修饰,但very, quite, too, rather等只能用来修饰原级。

例如:

It will be much cheaper if you buy a return ticket on the train when you travel in England.

In the talent show, I performed well and Ann did even better.

The boy is too young to go to school.

This problem is very difficult. I cant work it out.

四、中考真题解析

(1) She looks much ______ without her glasses! (山东济宁2013)

A. well B. good

C. best D. better

【解析】该题答案为D。本题考查比较级的用法。因much可修饰比较级,所以选择答案D。

(2) In the future I think cities will be crowded because there will be a lot ______ people. (山东枣庄2013)

A. more B. fewer

C. less D. many

【解析】该题答案为A。本题考查形容词的用法及比较级。people是集体名词,本身已含有复数意义,因此不可用less,less是little的比较级,只能修饰不可数名词。Many和fewer都可修饰可数名词,more可为many或much的比较级,可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。由于a lot可修饰比较级,可排除选项D。由句意“将来我认为城市会拥挤,因为会有更多的人。”判定,应选择答案A。

(3) China is larger than ______ in Africa. (山东烟台2013)

A. the other countries

B. any country

C. any of the other countries

D. any other country

【解析】该题答案为B。本题考查形容词比较级用法。因China不属于Africa,可不用other一词,能与“非洲的任何一个国家”进行比较,所以选择答案B。

(4) Mr. Smith thinks running is ______ than gymnastics. (天津市2013)

A. very popular B. more popular

C. most popular D. the most popular

【解析】该题答案为B。本题考查形容词比较级的构成。从than一词判定,应用比较级;popular的比较级是在其前面加more构成,所以选择答案B。

(5) Of all the subjects, English is ______ for me. (江苏淮安2013)

A. interesting B. more interesting

C. the most interesting D. much more interesting

【解析】该题答案为C。本题考查形容词最高级用法。从Of all the subjects判定,此题应用最高级;interesting的最高级是在其前面加most构成,通常与定冠词the连用,所以选择答案C。

(6) Chiang Mai (清迈) has been one of ______ tourist places for Chinese since the movie Lost in Thailand (《泰囧》) was shown. (山东东营2013)

A. hot B. hotter

C. hottest D. the hottest

【解析】该题答案为D。本题考查形容词最高级用法。“one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词”,表示“最……之一 ”, 所以选择答案D。endprint

(7) I think Zibo is becoming ______. (山东淄博2013)

A. more beautiful and more beautiful

B. more and more cleaner

C. more and more beautiful

D. clean and clean

【解析】该题答案为C。本题考查形容词比较级的用法。“比较级+比较级”表示“越来越……”,在词尾加-er构成的比较级可用“比较级+比较级”表示“越来越……”,而在形容词前加more构成的比较级表示“越来越……”时,要用“more and more +原级”, 所以选择答案C。

(8) Mr. Li asks us to remember that ______ careful we are, ______ mistakes we will make. (山东烟台2013)

A. the more; the fewer B. the fewer; the more

C. the more; the more D. the less; the fewer

【解析】该题答案为A。本题考查形容词比较级的用法。“the +形容词比较级…,the +形容词比较级…”意思是“越……,越……”。句意为:李老师让我们记住我们越仔细,犯的错误就越少。careful的比较级是在其前面加more构成,more是many(多)的比较级,fewer是few(少)的比较级,所以选择答案A。

(9) Liu Ying is as ______ as her sister. (湖南湘西2013)

A. tall B. taller

C. the tallest

【解析】该题答案为A。本题考查形容词的同等比较。在“as ... as ...”结构中,中间要用形容词原级,所以选择答案A。

(10) My host family tried to cook ______ for me when I studied in New Zealand. (湖北孝感2013)

A. different something B. different anything

C. something different D. anything different

【解析】该题答案为C。本题考查形容词修饰不定代词的用法。题意为“当我在新西兰学习时,我的寄宿家庭努力为我做一些不同的饭吃。”形容词修饰不定代词时要后置,而且这是肯定形式,所以选择答案C。endprint

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