重庆与匈牙利佩斯州：旅游之都，友诚之城

□ 文/何琴

重庆与匈牙利佩斯州：旅游之都，友诚之城

□ 文/何琴

城市简介

匈牙利，位于欧洲内陆中部，以特有的风景闻名于世。其建筑壮美、温泉遍布、气候四季分明，独特的自然景观和人文景观使匈牙利成为旅游大国。截至2012年6月，中国赴匈牙利旅游人数增长迅速，增幅达37.8%，匈牙利已成为中国游客赴欧旅游新兴目的地。

匈牙利是世界十大旅游国之一，也是欧洲的申根国家之一。欧盟“申根国家体系”规定，游客仅需取得一个申根国家的签证，在允许的时限内即可在欧盟其他“申根国家”短期停留而无需重新办理签证。签证范围包括旅游、探亲、留学、商务等。

佩斯州是匈牙利中部的一个州，其首府为布达佩斯。佩斯州是第七个与重庆建立友好市州关系的欧洲州府。匈牙利驻重庆总领事馆是重庆目前唯一具有因私自主办理签证权的欧洲国家领事机构。重庆市与佩斯州在区位优势、产业机构诸多方面有相似之处，经济发展有很强的互补性，缔结为友好市州关系，促进了双方在经贸、文化、科技、教育等领域的交流与合作，有利于提升重庆的国际知名度和推动内陆开放高地建设。

外事知识

签证外交

签证是一国出入境管理机构（例如移民局或其驻外使领馆）对外国公民表示批准入境所签发的一种文件。签证外交是指在一个主权国家的主权机关通过发放和拒发签证来影响另一国的政策的外交行为。签证外交在欧洲展现了地缘政治塑造的功能，在美国体现为签证制裁，在中国体现了国家力量及情怀。

签证外交的发展，可以推动签证便利化。当前，在“一带一路”带动下，中国和众多国家的合作将不断加深。尽快打通“一带一路”的经络，解决国家间“不联不通，联而不通，通而不畅”的问题，是形势发展的必然需求。伴随着签证便利化的不断推进，未来将有越来越多的中国公民和企业“走出去”，也会有越来越多的外国公民和企业被“引进来”。

旅游外交

外交是指政府间的外交行为和过程，其目的在于通过和平的方式来宣传外交政策和实现外交目标。旅游外交是指基于国与国之间的游客互动而产生的一种外交行为，目的是通过国家间游客的往来、保护本国游客在他国的合法权益及推动国际旅游产业的发展，进而增强国家间人民的相互了解和交流，最终为实现世界的和平发展做出贡献。

旅游外交登上国际舞台的前提是旅游产业的大发展。旅游国际交流将直接带动金融、贸易、交通、等多个经济领域发展。旅游外交不仅有服务国家整体外交的一面，还有其自身的独立性。在双边关系良好时，旅游交往可以成为发展国家关系的加速器；在双边关系不畅时，旅游交往可以成为改善国家关系的润滑剂；在双边尚无正式外交关系时，可以先行开展旅游交往，使民众交往成为国家关系正常化的导航器。旅游与外交的融合发展，有利于打造多渠道、多向度的传播模式，有利于向世界立体式地描绘中国形象。

外事案列

匈牙利驻重庆总领馆开馆

2010年2月4日，匈牙利共和国驻重庆总领事馆开馆仪式在重庆万豪酒店举行。匈牙利共和国外交部部长鲍拉日·彼得与重庆市委副书记张轩共同为领事馆揭牌。匈牙利之所以选择在重庆设馆，是因为对重庆的经济发展有着强烈兴趣，相信重庆未来有许多潜在的机遇。

自中匈建交以来，两国在各个领域不断发展友好关系，尤其是经贸方面的交流合作持续加强。匈牙利驻重庆总领事馆领区范围覆盖重庆、四川、云南、贵州、陕西、甘肃等整个西部地区。该领事馆成为了重庆及中国西部与匈牙利乃至整个欧盟沟通的桥梁。

匈牙利属于申根国家，因此游客只需在重庆办理好匈牙利颁发的申根签证，就可到奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、冰岛、意大利等其他申根国家旅游，而无需再申请其他申根国家的签证。匈牙利在重庆总领事馆开馆，增加了重庆与匈牙利佩斯州的联系，也增强了中国与匈牙利的友好关系，进而拉近了中国与欧洲各国的距离。

重庆市与匈牙利加强旅游交流与合作

近期，重庆市旅游局与匈牙利驻渝总领馆就旅游客源互送和旅游项目开发进行了深入探讨，2015年双方将从以下五个方面加强交流与合作：

一是以双方温泉资源特色为载体，互送客源，互利合作。

二是加强两地旅行社合作，争取更多的匈牙利本地游客来渝旅游。

三是市旅游局定期与重庆驻外领事机构开展体验重庆旅游活动，做好计划，形成制度。

四是市旅游局向匈牙利提供重庆温泉等方面的投资项目，并组织重庆企业赴匈牙利考察投资，双方合作加强旅游设施建设，开发更多的旅游产品。

五是双方加强文化交流，以川外“重庆国际交流与合作研究中心”为依托，加强重庆与匈牙利间关于教育、导游、语言、文化、培训方面的合作研究，尽快召开一次重庆与匈牙利国际交流与合作会议，研讨双边旅游合作与发展。

重庆市旅游局与匈牙利驻渝总领馆的这一举措，正是出于对旅游外交的深入理解与实践，做出的符合双方利益的决定。这五个方面的交流与合作，将促进重庆与匈牙利旅游业的发展，巩固重庆与佩斯州的友好市州关系。

延伸阅读

双城写意在重庆召开温泉诗歌酒会

2012年12月14日，重庆布达佩斯世界温泉之都双城记写意—温泉诗歌文化酒会在重庆融汇温泉城举办。匈牙利共和国驻重庆总领事馆总领事海博、重庆市旅游局副局长秦定波、柬埔寨王国驻重庆总领事馆、丹麦王国驻重庆领事馆代表、重庆文化艺术界等知名人士出席了酒会。

酒会在优雅的音乐中开始，以“诗歌摄影”为主题，通过一幅幅精美生动的摄影作品，让现场观众了解了重庆和布达佩斯的温泉文化、两地美食、人文建筑等。

来自匈牙利布达佩斯及重庆的著名诗人和艺术家现场朗诵了温泉主题诗歌。匈牙利共和国驻重庆总领事海博说，重庆获得全球首个“世界温泉之都”桂冠，匈牙利也被誉为浮在“温泉海”上的国度，布达佩斯更是世界著名的“温泉之都”；在重庆举办此次酒会，有着非常特殊的意义。

重庆和布达佩斯这两个温泉之都的交流，推进了双方旅游事业发展，使更多中国游客对布达佩斯有了进一步了解，也有助于让更多匈牙利游客走进重庆、认识重庆，便于两地旅游业的发展。

● 作者为四川外国语大学国际关系学院硕士研究生

Introduction of Hungary Pest Megye

Hungary, located in the middle of the continent of Europe, which is famous for its unique landscape. It has spectacular buildings, hot springs around and four-season climate; it has becoming a big tourism country for its unique natural and cultural landscapes. By June 2012, the number of Chinese tourists to Hungary had grown rapidly, and it had an increase of 37.8%. Hungary has becoming a new tourism destination for Chinese tourists.

Hungary is one of the world's ten largest tourism countries, but also one of the Schengen countries of Europe. EU's "Schengen states system" provides that visitors may have shortterm stays during the allowed time to the rest of the EU Schengen countries as long as they obtain a visa of the Schengen countries, without the need to re-apply for new visas. Visas include tourism, visiting relatives, overseas study, and business and so forth.

Pest is a state in central Hungary, and its capital is Budapest. Pest megye is the seventh state capital of Europe to establish friendly relations with the city of Chongqing. Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing is so far the only European consular in Chongqing that has the rights for private visas. Chongqing and Pest megye have many similarities in location advantage and industrial organizations, and one’s economic development is strongly complementary to the others. The establishment of sister city relations of the two sides promoted exchanges and cooperation in the fields of economy and trade, culture, science and technology, education and other, which was conducive to the improvement of Chongqing's international reputation and promote the construction of inland open highland.

Knowledge of Foreign Affairs

Visa Diplomacy

Visa is a document issued by a country’s immigration authority (such as immigrations or the embassies and consulates) to foreign citizens approving their entry. Visa diplomacy means that the sovereign authority of a sovereign state influences other country's diplomatic policies through the issuance and denial of issuing visas. Visa diplomacy demonstrates the shaping function of geopolitical in Europe, reflects visa sanctions in the US, and shows the state power and feelings in China.

The development of visa diplomacy can promote visa facilitation. Currently, driven by “One Belt One Road", cooperation between China and many countries will continue to deepen. It is the inevitable requirement of the development of the situation to open up the meridians of "One Belt One Road" as soon as possible, and solve the problem that "not linked and not navigable, linked but not navigable, navigable but not smooth". With the continuous progress of visa facilitation, in the future, there will be more and more Chinese citizens and enterprises "going out", and more and more foreign citizens and companies will be "brought in."

Tourism Diplomacy

Diplomacy refers to intergovernmental diplomatic behavior and process, which aims to achieve the government’s foreign policy and diplomatic goals through peaceful means. Tourism diplomacy refers to a diplomatic behavior based on the interaction between visitors among countries, with the aim of enhancing people’s mutual understandings and exchanges between countries, and ultimately to contribute to world peace and development through tourists exchanges, and protect tourists’legitimate rights in other country and further to promote the development of the international tourism industry.

The great development of the tourism industry is the premise fo tourism diplomacy going on the international stage. International tourism exchanges will directly contribute to the development of many economic sectors such as transportation, trade finance. Tourism diplomacy has the function to service a country's overal foreign diplomacy, it also has its own independence. When the bilatera relations are good, tourism exchanges can become an accelerator for the development of state relations; when bilateral relations are not smooth tourism exchanges can become the lubricant to improve relations; when there are no formal bilateral diplomatic relations, countries can carry ou tourism exchanges first, which makes it possible that people’s exchanges can become the navigator for the normalization of state relations. The integration development of tourism and diplomacy is conducive to build a multi channel, multi-dimension transmission mode, which is also conducive to draw multi-dimensional picture of the image o China to the world.

Cases

The Opening of Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing

On February 4, 2010, the opening ceremony of Consulate General of the Republic of Hungary in Chongqing was held at Marriott Hotel in Chongqing. Baraz Peter, the Hungarian Republic Foreign Minister and Zhang Xuan, Deputy Secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee jointly inaugurated the Consulate General. Hungary chose to set up consulate in Chongqing because of its strong interest in the economic development of Chongqing, believing that Chongqing would have many potential opportunities in the future.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Hungary, the two countries developed friendly relations in various fi elds all the time, especially the exchanges and cooperation in economy and trade had continuous strengthening. Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing covered the entire western region of China. The Consulate has becoming a bridge between Chongqing and even the west o China and Hungary and even all the European Union.

Hungary belongs to the Schengen countries. In Chongqing, as long as get the visa issued by Hungary visitors can go to Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, FranceGermany, Iceland, Italy and other Schengen countries to travel, and without the need to apply for other country's visas. The opening of the Consulate increased the connections between Chongqing and Hungary, but also enhanced the friendships between China and Hungary, and shortened the distance between China and European countries.

Chongqing and Hungary Strengthening Tourism Exchanges and Cooperation

Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau and Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing had in-depth study on tourists’ transmissions and the development of tourism projects; in 2015 the two parties would strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the following fi ve aspects.

First, the two sides would see hot spring resources characteristics as the carrier, and send tourists to the other, having mutual benefi cial cooperation.

Second, the two sides would strengthen cooperation between travel agencies of the two countries, to get more Hungary tourists travel in Chongqing.

Third, Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau and Chongqing consular agencies regularly carry out the activities of experience Chongqing tourism; they should make good planning and form system.

Fourth, Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau would provide Hungary with Chongqing hot springs and other investment projects, and organize Chongqing enterprises to inspect and invest in Hungary. The two sides would cooperate to strengthen the construction of tourism facilities, and develop more tourism products.

The fifth is both sides would strengthen cultural exchanges, relying on SISU "Chongqing International Exchange and Cooperative Research Centre”, strengthen cooperation and research between Chongqing and Hungary on education, tour guide, language, culture, training, and convene a conference on the international exchanges and cooperation between Chongqing and Hungary as soon as possible to discuss bilateral tourism cooperation and development.

These measures were out of a deep understanding and practice of tourism diplomacy, and in accordance with the interests of both sides. These five aspects of exchanges and cooperation will promote the tourism development of Chongqing and Hungary, consolidate their sister city relationship.

Further Reading

Two Cities Hold A Hot Spring Poetry Reception in Chongqing

On December 14, 2012, Chongqing Budapest hot springs poetry culture reception was held in Chongqing Ronghui hot spring city. Hajba Tamás, the general consul of Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing, and Qin Dingbo, the deputy director of Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau, and the representatives of Consulate General of the Kingdom of Cambodia in Chongqing, the Kingdom of Denmark Consulate in Chongqing, famous people in culture and arts sectors and other celebrities in Chongqing attended the reception.

At 7:30 pm, the reception began in the elegant music, the theme was "poetry photography", through beautiful and vivid photographs, the audiences understood the hot springs, the foods, cultural architecture, etc. in Chongqing and Budapest.

Famous poets and artists from Budapest and Chongqing read hot spring theme poems. Hajba Tamás said that Chongqing gets the world's fi rst "world hot spring capital" title, Hungary is also known as a country floating on "hot spring sea", and Budapest is the world famous "hot spring capital" ; the reception held in Chongqing has a very special meaning.

The exchanges of Chongqing and Budapest- the two hot spring capitals promoted the development of both sides of the tourism industry, so that more Chinese tourists had a further understanding of Budapest, but also help to make more Hungarian tourists come into Chongqing, to develop the tourism industry of the two sides.

● By post-graduate student of School of International Relations, Sichuan International Studies University

Chongqing and Hungary Pest Megye: Capitals of Tourism, Cities of Friendship

□ Written by He Qin