并列连词八大考点揭秘

广东 吴荣华

并列连词八大考点揭秘

广东 吴荣华

并列连词在高考中考查频率极高。它们数量较多，彼此联系却又相互区别。归结起来，主要有八大考点。

考点一、and, but与so

连接两个并列分句时，and表示联合或递进，意为“和，也，而且，然后，于是”等；but表示转折，意为“但是”；so表示结果，意为“因此”。

【例1】（2016全国卷Ⅰ写作）I know you have a busy schedule, but I’d be very grateful if you could spare some time to go through my application letter and resume and make necessary changes.我知道你工作繁忙，但是如果你能抽时间帮我检查申请书和个人简历，我将不胜感激。

【例2】（2016全国卷Ⅱ写作）I know you can take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something for environmental protection.我知道你能拍出效果好的照片，而且你也一直想为环保做些有益的事情。

【例3】（2013天津卷满分作文）First, my English is very good and I’m open-minded and warm-hearted, so I’m getting along well with everyone.首先,我的英语很好,而且我性格外向、有一副热心肠,因此我和每个人相处得很好。

考点二、表示转折关系：while, but, however

while表对比，意为“然而”，前后句的主语往往不同；but表转折，意为“但是”，前后句的主语可能相同也可能不同；however也表转折，意为“然而”，但须与逗号连用，放在句中时前后都要加逗号。but后面一般不用逗号。

【例5】（2014苏州模拟写作）At school, some students are active while others are shy, but they can be good friends with one another.在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。

【例6】（2002全国卷写作）They suggest, however,fees should be charged low.然而，他们建议，费用应该少收。

考点三、表示因果关系：for与so

for也可作并列连词，意为“因为”，表示一种补充或推测的原因，对前一分句进行解释。

【例7】（2008全国卷Ⅱ写作）First of all, it is of great importance to take a Chinese course, for you will be able to learn from your teacher and bene fit a lot from the interactive practice with your partners.首先，上汉语学习班很重要，因为你可以跟着老师学习，还可以与同学进行互动练习。

考点四、表示选择关系

or（或者），either...or...（或者……或者……；不是……就是……），not...but...（不是……而是……），whether...or...（是……还是……）,whether...or not...（是否）。

【例8】（2013全国卷Ⅱ写作）People can either give them as gifts or hang them in their houses.人们或者把他们作为礼物送出或者挂在自己的房子里。

【例9】（2013重庆卷满分作文）So, from now on,let’s not waste our time on unimportant things but have a heartto heart chat with our parents once in a while.因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的父母进行面对面的交流。

【例10】（2012重庆卷写作） I don’t care whether it is new or not as long as it is intact.我不在乎它是新的还是旧的，只要是完好无损的。

考点五、表示并列关系：not only...but(also)...，and与or

1.not only...but（also）...在句中常用来连接两个对等的成分。

【例11】（2015浙江卷写作）By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.这样做，我不仅能够与别人分享观点而且学会了清楚地表达自己。

【例12】（2013安徽卷写作）Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.我不仅不乱扔垃圾随地吐痰，而且只要可能我还会帮忙清理路边垃圾。

2.连接两个或多个并列项时，在肯定句中用and（和/也），在否定句中则用or（和/也）。

【例13】（2009浙江金华一中月考写作）The main aspect we are supposed to consider is not the advertisement or the star but the quality of products and their real usefulness in our daily life.我们应该考虑的主要方面不是广告和明星，而是在日常生活中产品的质量和有用性。

考点六、表示时间关系： when（正在那时）

when作并列连词，意为“正在那时（突然另一个动作发生了）”，常用于以下句型：

1.was/were about to do...when...did...正要做某事正在那时(突然)……

2.had just done...when...did...刚做完某事正在那时(突然 ) ……

3.was/were doing...when...did...正在做某事正在那时(突然 ) ……

【例14】（2014福建卷写作）I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.我正要放弃正在那时父亲过来鼓励我继续坚持。

【例15】（2014湖北卷写作）I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten years old was knocked down by a passing car, which drove offquickly.我在去书店的路上，正在十字路口等绿灯，正在那时一个大约10岁的女孩被一辆路过的车撞到了，但是车迅速开走了。

【例16】（2013陕西卷满分作文）Last Sunday, my parents had just gone out shopping when an idea suddenly occurred to me: why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning?上周日，父母刚刚出去购物，正在那时我突然想到一个主意：为什么不彻底打扫一下房间呢？

考点七、and/or连接的条件并列句

1.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句

【例17】（2013四川卷满分作文）Keep it in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and bene fit from it.记住它，逐渐地我们就能养成这个好的学习习惯并从中获益。

【例18】Please give 30% of my money back, or I shall be forced to take the matter further.请退还我30%的钱，否则我会被迫进一步追究此事。

点拨：此句式中，祈使句相当于条件状语从句，and/or后面的陈述句相当于主句。此外，祈使句也可用名词代替。如：

【例19】（2013北京卷满分作文）Another try, and they may gain what they dream of.再试一次，他们或许会获得他们梦想的东西。

2.or, or else, otherwise意为“否则，要不然”，用法基本相同。

【例20】（2013北京卷写作）Evidently, realizing this difference between reality and dream and trying to shorten this gap is the key to achieving our accomplishment, otherwise nothing will be gotten in the end.很显然，意识到梦想与现实之间的差异以及努力缩小这个差距是我们取得成就的关键，否则最终会一无所成。

考点八、并列连词不和从属连词连用

so与because, but/while与although不能连用。但yet,still可与although/even if/and/but连用，此时yet, still作副词。

【例21】（2004湖南卷写作）Although the city is modern and convenient, there are still some problems, such as air pollution, crowdedness and noise.尽管城市很现代化很方便，但仍然有一些问题，比如空气污染、拥挤和噪音。

巩固练习

一、语法填空

1.（2016四川卷语法填空）It was time for her to have a new baby, _______it was also time for the young panda to be independent.

2.（2014全国卷Ⅱ语法填空）There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

3.（2014福建卷语法填空）Many of us were raised with the saying“Waste not, want not.”None of us,_______,can completely avoid waste in our lives.

4.（2014全国卷I语法填空）But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ______even a few months.

5.（2015全国卷Ⅰ语法填空）It was raining lightly_______ I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.

6.（2015广东卷语法填空）One day, the cow was eating grass ______ it began to rain heavily.

二、单句改错

7.（2016全国卷Ⅰ短文改错）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.

8.（2016全国卷Ⅱ短文改错） If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.

9.（2016四川卷短文改错）Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework.

10.（2009海南卷短文改错）I’m going to attend my first lesson this afternoon, for I’ve got some preparation to make.Keep in touch.

11.（2015全国卷Ⅰ短文改错）There the air is clean or the mountains are green.

12.（2007福建卷短文改错）Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot.

13.（2016全国卷Ⅰ短文改错）Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area.

14.（2014全国卷Ⅰ短文改错）Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.

15.（2013陕西卷短文改错）As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water.

16.（2006浙江卷短文改错）Since you have visited Greece several times, so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings there.

三、完成句子

17.（2016 全国卷Ⅰ写作）I’m applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the vacation, ______________________________________________________________.我打算在暑假去我市一家外资公司做兼职，并且已写好了申请书和个人简历。

18.（2013吉林期末写作）I am Liu Yang, a 18-year-old boy studying in Hope High School of Jilin, who______________________________________________________________________.我叫刘阳，一位18岁的男生，在吉林希望高中学习，性格随和且独立性强，因此对我来说适应新环境很容易。

19.（2007广东卷写作）The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, _______ 48% of the boys figure sports stars.调查表明，一半的女生选择电影和电视明星作偶像，然而，48%的男生喜欢体育明星。

20.（2006广东卷写作）It used to take several days to hear from each other, ______________________________________________________, even if they are in two different countries.过去收到彼此来信要花几天时间，但是现在只需要几分钟，即使他们在两个不同的国家。

21.（2016贵州七校联考写作）Fishing is my favorite,____________________________, which has helped me improve my power of controlling myself.钓鱼是我的最爱，因为它既有趣又有教育意义，而且有助于提高自我约束力。

22.（2014广州一模写作）A smart person is _________one who always tries to impress others by showing off their wealth，_________________________________ save for the future and for others.聪明的人不是试图炫富来给别人留下印象的人，而是不遗余力地为了将来和别人省钱的人。

23.（2013山东卷写作）To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because__________________________________, but also it will broaden my horizons.首先，做兼职是我的梦想。我打算做销售员，因为我不仅能自己赚钱，而且可以开阔视野。

24.（2012山东淄博一模写作）Don’t be sel fish ______________________________ when talking.谈话时不要自私，也不要伤害别人的感情。

25.（2013浙江卷满分作文）Last Monday, I _______________________________________________________________________________________his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。

26.（2013唐山期末写作）________________________,_________________American culture and life.参加活动，你就会更好理解美国的文化和生活。

27.（2016兰州检测写作）First, _________________this issue, ____________________ suffer a loss.首先，重视这个问题，否则你的财产会遭受损失。

【巩固练习答案】

1.and 2.and 3.however 4.or 5.arrived 6.when 7.or→and 8.but→ and 9.so→ but 10.for→ so 11.or→ and 12.while→when 13.but去掉 14.but→yet或者去掉but 15.去掉we前面的so 16.去掉 so

17.I’m applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the vacation, and I have just completed my application letter and resume.

18.I am Liu Yang, a 18-year-old boy studying in Hope High School of Jilin, who is easy-going and quite independent so it is easy for me to adapt to a new environment.

19.The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys figure sports stars.

20.It used to take several days to hear from each other,but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different countries.

21.Fishing is my favorite, for it is both fun and instructive,which has helped me improve my power of controlling myself.

22.A smart person is not one who always tries to impress others by showing off their wealth, but one who spares no effort to save for the future and for others.

23.To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons.

24.Don’t be sel fish or hurt other’s feelings when talking.

25.Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall offhis bicycle.

26.Join in the activity, and you will have a better knowledge of American culture and life.

27.First, attach great importance to this issue, or your wealth will suffer a loss.

your email last week, but I am busy preparing for my final exam,which is vital for me, so I didn’t reply to you without delay.我上周收到你的邮件，但是我一直忙于准备期末考试，这对我很重要，因此我没有及时回复你。

广东省中山市第一中学）