ALPPS与传统分步肝切除术的Meta分析

2021-07-07 07:52熊绍平王亮
中国现代医生 2021年11期
关键词:完成率切除率门静脉

熊绍平 王亮

[摘要] 目的 系统评价肝脏分隔结合门静脉结扎的分步肝切除(ALPPS)与传统分步肝切除术如门静脉栓塞(PVE)和二步肝切除(TSH)的围术期疗效差异。 方法 通过计算机检索知网、万方、PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、中国生物医学文献数据库,检索时限为2011年1月1日至2019年12月31日,收集国内外ALPPS与PVE/TSH的临床对比研究,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入8篇研究,共涉及732例患者。Meta分析结果显示,ALPPS与PVE/TSH在FLR增长率、二步手术完成率及R0切除率方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ALPPS的围术期并发症总发生率高于PVE/TSH,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ALPPS的90 d死亡率略高于PVE/TSH,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 ALPPS的FLR增长率、二步手术完成率和R0切除率均高于PVE/TSH,在把握适应证的前提下,ALPPS有效可行。

[关键词] 肝脏分隔结合门静脉结扎的分步肝切除术;门静脉栓塞;二步肝切除;Meta分析

[中图分类号] R61          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)11-0021-05

Meta-analysis of ALPPS and traditional stepwise hepatectomy

XIONG Shaoping   WANG Liang

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou   121000, China

[Abstract] Objective To systematically evaluate the difference in perioperative efficacy between associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS) and traditional stepwise hepatectomy, such as portal vein embolization(PVE) and two-step hepatectomy(TSH). Methods A computer search was conducted on CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database to collect the data on comparative clinical studies of ALPPS and PVE/TSH domestic and overseas from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019. The RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results A total of 8 studies were included, involving 732 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences in FLR growth rate, two-step surgery completion rate and R0 resection rate between ALPPS and PVE/TSH(P<0.05). ALPPS had a higher incidence of total perioperative complications than PVE/TSH, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The 90-day mortality was slightly higher in the ALPPS group than in the PVE/TSH group, but the difference was not statistically significant(P> 0.05). Conclusion ALPPS has a better FLR growth rate, higher two-step surgery completion rate and R0 resection rate than PVE/TSH. Under the premise of grasping the indications, ALPPS is effective and feasible.

[Key words] Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy; Portal vein embolization; Two-step hepatectomy; Meta-analysis

肝切除術已成为治疗肝癌最有效的方法之一,但分期较晚的肝癌仍然是外科手术的主要挑战。限制肝切除术的主要原因是剩余肝脏体积(Future liver remnant,FLR)不足导致的术后肝功能衰竭[1]。在良好的患者选择和改善围术期管理的情况下,大范围肝切除术可以安全进行[2]。在此背景下,采用门静脉栓塞(Portal vein embolization,PVE)、两步肝切除(Two-stage hepatectomy,TSH)或肝脏分隔联合门静脉结扎的分步肝切除(Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS)等方式均可减少术后肝功能衰竭(Post hepatectomy liver failure,PHLF)[3]。术前PVE或TSH被认为是肝切除前FLR不足患者的常用方法,但其FLR增长速度并不出色,很多患者由于疾病进展失去手术机会[4-5]。据报道,ALPPS具有较理想的FLR增长率,但伴随高并发症发生率及死亡率[6]。本研究通过收集国内外ALPPS和PVE/TSH用于原发性或继发性肝癌患者的临床研究资料,评估ALPPS和PVE/TSH术式围术期的安全性及有效性,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、知网、万方及中国生物医学文献数据库。英文检索词:liver partition、liver transection、portal vein embolization、PVE、portal vein ligation、PVL、associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy、ALPPS、staged hepatectomy、staged liver resection、two-stage hepatectomy、TSH。中文检索词:门静脉栓塞、PVE、门静脉结扎、PVL、肝脏分隔联合门静脉结扎的分步肝切除、ALPPS、传统分步肝切除、两步肝切除、TSH、肝癌、肝脏肿瘤、肝转移癌。检索时限定义为2011年1月1日至2019年12月31日。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 文献纳入标准  ①原发性或继发性肝肿瘤患者行ALPPS与PVE/TSH的临床对照研究;②研究中至少有一个以下对比结果:如再生效率、两个阶段的时间间隔、二期手术完成率、R0切除率、90 d死亡率等;③患者为成年人,年龄>18岁;④患者手术前没有放化疗的限制。

1.2.2 文献排除标准  ①综述、病例报告、社论、信函、会议记录;②动物实验;③无法从合并结果中提取数据的研究;④没有全文的研究。

1.2.3资料提取和质量评估  两位研究者独立提取并总结以下数据:患者特征、研究设计、纳入和排除标准及报告的结果,任何分歧均由第三方共同解决。采用NOS(Newcastle-Ottawa scale)量表对纳入的队列研究进行质量评估,在患者的选择、组间可比性和结果三方面进行评分,得分≥6分的研究被认为具有良好的质量[7]。用改良Jadad量表对随机对照研究进行质量评估,得分≥4分的文献被认定为质量较高[8]。

1.3 统计学方法

采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。首先采用I2统计量进行异质性检验,如果I2不大于50%,认为研究间异质性较小,选用固定效应模型进行数据合并,反之则认为纳入研究间的异质性较大,采用随机效应模型。合并的数据如果为连续变量,采用均数差(Mean deviation,MD)及其95%可信区间(Confidence interval,CI)进行统计学分析,如果为二分类变量则采用比值比(Odds ratio,OR)及其95%CI进行统计学分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 文献纳入及基本情况

文献检索结果和研究选择如图1所示,最终纳入8篇相关研究[9-16],共涉及732例患者。其中比较ALPPS与PVE的研究有4篇,比较ALPPS与TSH的研究有4篇;PVE组313例,TSH组202例,ALPPS组217例。纳入的8篇研究的特点如表1所示,研究质量评分均良好。

2.2 Meta分析结果

2.2.1 肝切除前FLR增长率  总结纳入的5项研究中504例患者的FLR增长率,异质性定量检验I2=46%,异质性较小,采用固定效应模型。结果显示,ALPPS的FLR增长率高于PVE/TSH,差异有統计学意义(MD=43.07;95%CI:39.97~46.17;P<0.05)。

2.2.2 二步手术完成率  总结纳入的7项研究中710例患者的二步手术完成率,异质性定量检验I2=0%,无异质性,采用固定效应模型。结果显示,ALPPS的二步手术完成率为96.65%,高于PVE/TSH的68.06%,差异有统计学意义(OR=12.89,95%CI:6.19~26.86,P<0.05)。

2.2.3 R0切除率  总结纳入的4项研究中242例患者的R0切除率,异质性定量检验I2=14%,异质性不明显,采用固定效应模型。结果显示,ALPPS组的R0切除率为77.78%,高于PVE/TSH的65.87%,差异有统计学意义(OR=2.28,95%CI:1.08~4.79,P<0.05)。

2.2.4 围术期并发症总发生率  总结纳入的6项研究中348例患者的围术期并发症总发生率。异质性定量检验I2=0%,无异质性,采用固定效应模型。结果显示,ALPPS的围术期并发症总发生率高于PVE/TSH,但差异无统计学意义(OR=1.07,95%CI:0.63~1.80,P>0.05)。

2.2.5 90 d死亡率  总结纳入的5项研究中372例患者的90 d死亡率,异质性定量检验I2=0%,同质性较高,采用固定效应模型。结果显示,ALPPS的90 d死亡率为10.56%,略高于PVE/TSH的6.96%,但差异无[4] Giglio MC,Giakoustidis A,Draz A,et al.Oncological outcomes of major liver resection following portal vein embolization:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Ann Surg Oncol,2016,23(11):3709-3717.

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(收稿日期:2020-07-09)

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