茅苍术化学成分研究进展

2021-11-08 22:50张阿琴谷巍李琳刘梦雪邱蓉丽
中国药学药品知识仓库 2021年9期
关键词:化学成分

张阿琴 谷巍 李琳 刘梦雪 邱蓉丽

摘要:茅苍术为(Atractylodes lancea (Thunb. ) DC.)为菊科多年生草本植物,其根茎为著名道地药材。茅苍术的化学成分按结构主要包括倍半萜类、聚炔类、苯丙素类等多种类型。本文对近 30 年来国内外茅苍术化学成分的研究进行了总结,并对从茅苍术中报道的每个化合物,都利用 SciFinder 进行了确认和校正,列出了每个化合物的英文名和 CAS 号,以便于为今后茅苍术的研究和开发利用提供参考。

关键词:茅苍术;化学成分;倍半萜;聚炔

Advance in research on chemical constituents from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.

Abstract: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a perennial herb of the Compositae family, and its rhizome is a famous authentic medicinal herb. The chemical components of A. lance mainly include sesquiterpenes, polyacetylenes, and phenylpropanoids. This article summarizes the research on the chemical composition of A. lancea in the past 30 years, and uses SciFinder to confirm and correct each compound reported from A. lancea. The English nameand the CAS number of each compound are listed in order to provide reference for the future research and development of A. lancea.

Keywords: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.; chemical constituents; sesquiterpenes; polyacetylenes

【中圖分类号】R97             【文献标识码】A             【文章编号】2107-2306(2021)09--07

茅苍术(Atractylodes lancea (Thunb. ) DC.)为菊科多年生草本植物,始载于我国古代著名医学专著《神农本草经》[1]。2020年版《中国药典》记载茅苍术的根茎与北苍术(Atractylodes chinesis (DC.) Koidz.)的根茎共同作为苍术Atractylodis rhizoma入药,前者习称“茅苍术”,后者习称“北苍术”[2]。其中,茅苍术为公认的道地药材,具有燥湿健脾、祛风散寒等功效,常用于湿阻中焦,脘腹胀满,泄泻,水肿,脚气痿蹵,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒,夜盲,眼目昏涩[3]。现代药理学研究表明茅苍术不仅具有促进肠道运动的功效,而且在抗菌、消炎、保肝和抗肿瘤等方面显示出较好的活性[4-10]。茅苍术化学成分类型主要为倍半萜类、聚炔类和苯丙素类等。近年来,随着分离技术手段的发展,从茅苍术中又发现了一些新的化学成分,因而有必要对其化学成分进行分类总结。因此,本文对近30年来文献中报道的茅苍术化学成分进行综述,以期为茅苍术化学成分研究和资源开发利用提供参考。

1 倍半萜类成分

目前,从茅苍术中分离得到约200种化合物,包括倍半萜类、聚炔类、苯丙素类等。其中,倍半萜类有72种,为主要化合物类别, 占比为31.2 %。已报道的72个苍术倍半萜类成分(表1)包括20个愈创木烷型(guaiane-type)倍半萜及其苷类(1-20)、37个桉烷型(eudesmane-type)倍半萜及其苷类(21-57)、13个香根螺烷型(spirovetivane-type)倍半萜及其苷类(58-70)、2个艾里莫芬型(eremophilane-type)倍半萜苷类(71和72),这四种类型倍半萜的母核结构见图1。

2 聚炔类成分

目前,从茅苍术分离得到聚炔类化学成分共76个(表2),主要为4,6-二炔烯类。此外,还有7,9-二炔烯类、3,5-二炔烯类、2,8-二炔烯类以及8,10-二炔烯类。根据聚炔链所含碳数的多少,又分为C10-炔烯类、C13-炔烯类和C14-炔烯类等。

3其他类成分

从茅苍术中还分离得到了一些其他类型的化合物,共计82个(表3),包括个35简单苯丙素类(148-182)以及47个其他类化合物(183-229)。

4结语

茅苍术化学成分复杂,药理作用广泛,是一种常用的传统中药,也是江苏省著名道地药材。近年来,茅苍术被用于治疗新冠肺炎(COVID-19),是目前中医药治疗新冠肺炎时使用频率最高的中药之一,在国家疫情防控重点保障物资的中药饮片中排名第一[39-40]。本文对近30年来茅苍术中分离得到的200多种化学成分进行总结和归纳,其中包括聚炔类 76个,倍半萜类 72个,其他成分 82 个。随着近年来新的分离分析技术的发展,许多微量成分也逐渐被发现,从而为进一步合理开发利用该植物资源提供了新的化学物质基础,为其临床研究提供有效的参考价值

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课题:本文由 2019年医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金“全国中药资源普查项目”(财社[2019]39号)、江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(18KJB360012)和江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ-常州[2020]04)

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