探讨脊柱内镜下经皮椎间孔镜技术在临床中治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果

2023-07-20 10:49姜亮常霞丽
婚育与健康 2023年13期
关键词:疗效

姜亮 常霞丽

【摘要】目的:研究脊柱內镜下经皮椎间孔镜技术(TESSYS)的治疗效果。方法:选取2021年3月—2022年9月间我院收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者70例,随机分为传统组(n=35)与实验组(n=35),传统组接受常规手术治疗,实验组接受脊柱内镜下TESSYS治疗,对比两组患者手术相关指标、疼痛状况和功能障碍状况等数据。结果:实验组手术用时为(72.12±7.36)min、术中出血量为(14.27±4.34)mL、切口长度为(0.75±0.08)cm、住院时长为(5.09±2.37)d,传统组手术用时为(56.75±6.41)min、术中出血量为(44.23±2.37)mL、切口长度为(3.29±0.62)cm、住院时长为(15.65±6.46)d,实验组手术指标均优于传统组(P<0.05);治疗后,实验组与传统组VAS评分分别为(0.64±0.25)分和(3.02±0.98)分,ODI评分分别为(5.33±1.12)分和(7.88±3.02)分,实验组两项指标评分均低于传统组(P<0.05);实验组治疗优良率为94.3%,传统组治疗优良率为82.9%,实验组治疗优良率显著优于传统组(P<0.05)。结论:对腰椎间盘突出症患者实施脊柱内镜下TESSYS治疗可以获得更加理想的治疗效果,可显著降低术中出血量、缩短切口长度和住院时长,同时可减轻疼痛感,加快机体功能恢复和康复速度。

【关键词】脊柱内镜;经皮椎间孔镜技术;腰间盘突出症;疗效

To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous foraminoscopy under spinal endoscopy on patients with lumbar disc herniation

JIANG Liang, CHANG Xiali

Lanzhou New Area First Peoples Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730314, China

【Abstract】Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of percutaneous foraminoscopy (TESSYS) under spinal endoscopy. Methods:Seventy patients with lumbar disc herniation admitted to our hospital from March 2021 to September 2022 were randomly divided into the traditional group (n=35) and the experimental group (n=35).The traditional group received conventional surgical treatment,while the experimental group received TESSYS treatment under spinal endoscopy.The surgical related indicators,pain and dysfunction were compared between the two groups.Results:In the experimental group,the operation time was (72.12±7.36)min,the intraoperative blood loss was (14.27±4.34)mL,the incision length was (0.75±0.08)cm,and the length of hospital stay was (5.09±2.37)d.The operation time of the traditional group was (56.75±6.41) min,the intraoperative blood loss was (44.23±2.37)mL,the incision length was (3.29±0.62)cm,and the length of hospital stay was (15.65±6.46)d.The surgical related indicators in the experimental group were better than those in the traditional group(P<0.05);After treatment,the VAS scores of the experimental group and the traditional group were (0.64±0.25) points and (3.02±0.98) points,and ODI scores were (5.33±1.12) points and (7.88±3.02) points,respectively.The scores of both indicators in the experimental group were lower than those in the traditional group(P<0.05).The excellent and good rate of treatment in the experimental group was 94.3%,and the excellent and good rate of treatment in the traditional group was 82.9%,indicating that the excellent and good rate of treatment in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the traditional group(P<0.05).Conclusion:TESSYS treatment under spinal endoscope can achieve more ideal therapeutic effect in patients with lumbar disc herniation,which can significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss,shorten incision length and hospitalization time,relieve painand accelerate the recovery of body function and rehabilitation.

【Key?Words】Spinal endoscopy; Percutaneous foraminoscopy; Lumbar disc herniation; Curative effect

腰椎间盘突出症是一种常见的腰椎疾病,其主要原因是腰椎间盘髓核等部位出现不同程度退行性改变后,受到外力因素影响,造成椎间盘纤维环破裂,髓核组织从破裂处突出或脱出于后方或椎管内,使得相邻椎神经根受刺激或压迫,产生腰部疼痛、一侧下肢或双下肢麻木、疼痛等症状[1]。人们工作压力日益提高,腰椎间盘突出发病率不断增高,腰部疼痛、下肢放射性疼痛等症状若不加以控制,极易发展为肢体障碍。内镜技术为腰椎间盘突出症手术干预治疗方法提供了有利条件[2]。本文对我院收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者实施脊柱内镜下TESSYS治疗效果进行了概括总结,现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2021年3月—2022年9月期间来我院治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者70例,运用随机数表法将患者分为各35例的传统组与实验组。传统组接受常规手术治疗,男21例,女14例,年龄43~65岁,平均年龄(55.43±10.09)岁,病程12~31个月,平均病程(22.15±4.67)个月;实验组接受脊柱内镜下TESSYS治疗,男19例,女16例,年龄41~70岁,平均年龄(55.62±10.12)岁,病程13~30个月,平均病程(22.20±4.68)个月。对比两组一般资料差异不大,P>0.05,具有可比性。纳入标准:①均已确诊为腰椎间盘突出症患者;②接受非手术治疗3个月未有显著效果;③不存在手术禁忌症。排除標准:①复杂性或感染性腰椎间盘突出症患者;②存在双侧神经受压情况;③存在严重系统性疾病。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 传统组接受常规手术治疗,进行硬膜外麻醉后帮助患者摆出合适体位,腹部悬空、铺设消毒巾,选取合适部位作为手术切口,切口长度6~8cm,分层切开、分离机体单侧椎板肌肉组织与棘突,扩大手术视野,直接切去病变椎板,然后进行开窗操作,保护机体腰椎神经,切除突出性髓核,查看机体神经根出口,若不存在狭窄现象,则使用生理盐水进行冲洗并放置引流管,缝合切口。手术结束后需进行抗生素治疗,术后24~48h拔除引流管。

1.2.2 实验组接受脊柱内镜下TESSYS治疗,帮助患者摆出合适体位,标记棘突中线、双侧骸棘线等,观察椎间隙明确穿刺点后进行局麻,并在穿刺点进行切口,切口长度为7~10mm,扩大椎间孔,然后在切口位置进行穿刺,根据突出位置实际情况借助椎间孔镜对工作套管进行改动,确定突出髓核组织后利用髓核钳进行取出操作;下一步借助双极射频电极消融纤维环撕裂口,检查整根神经,存在心跳搏动就代表减压成功,然后查看神经根和椎间盘,若未异常,则对髓核组织碎片进行清理,然后进行常规引流、缝合切口。

1.3 观察指标

(1)比较两组患者手术相关指标:分别为手术用时、术中出血量、切口长度和住院时长。(2)比较两组患者VAS评分和ODI评分:使用视觉模拟量表对患者疼痛情况进行评分,最高分为10分,评分和患者疼痛程度呈正比。使用Oswestry功能障碍指数对患者功能状况进行评分,评分和患者功能障碍程度呈正比。(3)比较两组患者治疗效果:治疗效果分为优、良、可、差四个等级,“优”为经治疗后患者症状基本消退,相关检查发现神经根压迫被解除;“良”为经治疗后患者症状明显减轻,相关检查发现神经根仅存在轻微压迫;“可”为经治疗后患者症状有所好转,相关检查发现神经根压迫明显;“差”为经治疗后没有达到上述标准。治疗优良率=(优+良)例数/总例数×100%。

1.4 统计学分析

采用SPSS 21.0统计学软件进行数据分析。计数资料采用(%)表示,进行x2检验,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,进行t检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组患者手术相关指标对比

传统组手术用时为(56.75±6.41) min、术中出血量为(14.27±4.34)mL、切口长度为(0.75±0.08)cm、住院时长为(5.09±2.37)d,除手术用时外,实验组其他手术相关指标均显著低于传统组(P<0.05),见表1。

2.2 两组治疗前后VAS评分以及ODI评分对比

治疗前,传统组和实验组VAS分别为(6.11±1.45)分和(6.13±1.46)分,ODI评分分别为(15.23±2.87)分和(15.25±2.84)分,两组治疗前两项评分相差不大(P>0.05);治疗后,实验组VAS和ODI评分分别为(0.64±0.25)分和(5.33±1.12)分,反观传统组VAS和ODI评分分别为(3.02±0.98)分和(7.88±3.02)分,显然,实验组治疗后这两项评分均低于传统组(P<0.05),见表2。

2.3 两组临床疗效对比

传统组优良例数为28例和1例,可差例数为4例和2例,治疗优良率为82.9%,实验组优良例数为30例和3例,可差例数为2例和0例,治疗优良率为94.3%,显然实验组治疗优良率高于传统组(P<0.05),见表3。

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