英文摘要

TheTensionbetweenHumanityandReligion:ACognitiveInterpretationofArthurDimmesdale’sRedemptioninTheScarletLetter/ZHUGEXiaochuWUShixiong

Abstract： With the idiosyncratic use of conflict metaphors, Nathaniel Hawthorne describes Arthur Dimmesdale’s redemption in his widely acclaimed novelTheScarletLetter. On the one hand, the minister was subjected to the desire of sinful nature, struggling with his religious conviction. The culturally loaded imageries of “Angel”, “Holy Spirit” and “God” shall suffice as evidence that Dimmesdale was apotheosised by worshipping admirers. And then the metaphor “PEOPLE ARE INANIMATE OBJECTS” and imageries of “treasure-seeker”, “miner”, “sexton” and “thief” are formed to portray the devil’s destruction. “SIN IS AN OBJECT” is employed to depict the continual temptation of sin. The imagery of “illness” is utilized to show the Lord’s rebuke and discipline. On the other hand, conflict metaphors are elaborated to show God’s protection. “LIFE IS A JOURNEY” and “A HUMAN BEING IS A PLANT” metaphors convey the failure of the devil. The imageries of “scaffold” and “spell” are constructed to indicate Dimmesdale trusted in God and conquered the weakness in his humanity. Thus, it is easy to see that Hawthorne unfolds his serious codes of ethics and religion by exploring the tension between humanity and religion inTheScarletLetter.

Keywords： Hawthorne; Dimmesdale; humanity; Christian faith; conceptual metaphor

FromScholarlySatiretoScientificEthicsCrisis:AnAnalysisofWagner’sImageinGoethe’sFaust/SHIMinyue

Abstract： Wagner, as a minor figure in Faust, plays a relatively important role in the “Gelehrtentragödie”. Like Faust, the creation of Wagner is also influenced by tradition, combining the Faust literature in the early modern times and the tradition of “Gelehrtensatire” in the Enlightenment. Goethe has injected his own thoughts on the time and the future in this character, enriched the “Gelehrtensatire” and revealed the ethical crisis that may be caused by the development of modern science. It makes Wagner an integral part of the “Gelehrtentragödie”.

Keywords： Faust; Gelehrtentragödie; Wagner’ image; literary tradition

TheThornsoftheRacialIntegration:TheEliteGroupinIndianKiller/ZHANGQianZHENGJia

Abstract： The plight that the Indians have difficulty in integrating into the American mainstream in the 1990s is revealed in Native American writer Sherman Alexie’sIndianKiller. The white elites who constantly propagate and spread racism are regarded as one of the main factors leading to this situation. Three characters in the novel, of whom are Schultz, the media elite, Mather, the academic elite and Wilson, the literary elite, create bias and violence against the Indians, mislead the public attitudes toward and opinions of the Indians and obstruct the Indians’ integrating into the American mainstream. Alexie truly reflects the present situation of American racial integration, criticizes groups of white elites as an obstacle to the racial integration in the United States and tries to trigger people’s alert against elites’ racist remarks.

Keywords：IndianKiller; groups of elites; racism; racial integration

TheCritiqueofEverydayLifeinManhattanTransfer/ZHAOKaiqiZHANGJunping

Abstract： The moments, passivity and homogeneity of everyday life specifically refer to the characteristics embodied by modern everyday life that is changeable, money-worshipped, and homogeneous.ManhattanTransfer, authored by John Dos Passos, takes a snapshot of everyday lives of all walks of people in the New York City in the early 1920s. Through depicting the life stories of three characters: Bud Corpeening, Jimmy Herf, and Ellen Thatcher, all of whom seek to win themselves a place in New York City but are doomed to failure in the end, Passos comprehensively criticizes the moments, passivity, and hemogeneity of modern everyday life in New York City, and fully presents the predicament that people are unable to get rid of the modern New York society that permeates the smell of death, confusion, and disillusionment. Facing their broken dreams, all of the characters finally realize thatManhattanTransferis never the hub where their dreams can come true but the utopian city that causes their heartbreaking and helplessness. The critique of everyday life of New York City in the early 1920s presented in this novel shows John Dos Passos, as an honest chronicler of American history, and his deep concerns about the modern American society.

Keywords：ManhattanTransfer; John Dos Passos; the critique of everyday life; alienation

ThePlague:TheMythologicalContinuationofFloodMemoryandHeroicResistance/SHANDan

Abstract：ThePlagueis a myth about living environment of human beings. Magnificent feats conducted by the folk heroes in the literary works, represented by Gran, demonstrate ultimate concern about living conditions and the development of human beings. This also manifests the spirit and the humanity values of people who bravely struggle against the ridiculous reality.ThePlaguecontinues the creation mode of flood memory and heroic resistance in mythological consciousness and traces the initial cognition of human beings in the new era. Camus integrates traditional consciousness and innovative spirit, combines the deep understanding of the Greek spirit with philosophizing of modern life, and makes the modern life a mythological beginning. He not only reveals the instrumental rationality, but also gets through to the consciousness level, which has profound significance on different cultures and times.

Keywords： Albert Camus; myth consciousness;ThePlague

ExploringtheNarrativeAutonomyinOates’Rewrites:TakeTheLadywiththePetDogandTheDead/CHENKaiyan

Abstract：TheLadywiththePetDogandTheDeadare the two rewritten short stories extracted from Joyce Carol Oates’s short stories collection Marriages and Infidelities. With the comparative narratology analysis of the original works and Oates’s rewrites, the intentions and effects of Oates’s rewrites during her transition period are discussed. Through appropriating and rewriting the works of the male masters’, Oates has established her narrative autonomy and revised the male-dominated literature tradition.

Keywords： Joyce Carol Oates;TheLadywiththePetDog;TheDead; narrative authorities

TheDifficultyofGermanMulticulturalism/ZHANGYingFUZhiyuan

Abstract： Early in the 1980s, multiculturalism made its way into the German political arena. Due to its proposition on cultural ideology of “diversity and equality”, it attracted intensive attention. Up to the 1990s, multiculturalism started to suffer severe criticism in Germany. Furthermore, in October of 2010, Prime Minister Merkel publicly announced its failure. Undeniably, multiculturalism has not progressed smoothly in Germany and the reason involves several aspects: inadequacy of multiculturalism itself, the restrictive condition caused by the homogeneous tradition of the non-immigrant country and the political irreconcilables from both left and right wings. Nevertheless, despite the social reality faced by multiculturalism, its core values are still the principal ideology for the Germen integrated immigration policy. With years of practical experience and the impelling force of the embattlement between both political parties, be it left or right wings, multiculturalism has reformed and gradually evolved into the so-called “uniformed but diversified” multiculturalism on the basis of the principal values: democracy, equality and human rights under the constitutional protection.

Keywords： multiculturalism; dominant culture; parallel society; ethnic group

ThePastandPresentConnectionsofHumanandMachine:From“TheMisanthrope”to“TheSoftwareBody”/CHENXin

Abstract： Starting from the image of Alceste in Moliere’s dramaTheMisanthrope, and through the interpretation of the commonalities and differences between Alceste and today’s artificial intelligence, the relationship between man and machine can be observed from a new perspective. The words and acts of Alceste reflects the contradictions and interweaves between human self and machine self, which also represented in some science fiction of the contemporary literary works; when turning toTheLifecycleofaSoftwareBodyby Ted Chiang, we can find the similar interpretation of consciousness of “self-the other”, and the transition of the mutual involvement from “reject” to “communicate-anti-communicate”, which can reveal that human and machine are still “the other” to each other in this era of artificial intelligence. It can also reveal the possible mode of “communicate-anti-communicate” in the face of the “Alceste’s dilemma”.

Keywords：TheMisanthrope;Thelifecycleofasoftwarebody; self; the other; communication patterns

OntheValueOrientationofLoyaltyintheTraditionalEthicalCultureofJapan:FocusonBushido/YANGWeiyu

Abstract： Loyalty is the distinctive feature of the traditional ethical culture of Japan, which as the highest value is inseparable from the indoctrination of over 600-year ruling of the samurai regime. Its ideological roots can be traced back to the influence of local Shinto and the emperor system. The absolute value of loyalty is one of the important ideological roots of “higurui” philosophy of the Hagakure Bushido. Whether it is a Confucianism Bushido who pays attention to the rationality of justice, or a Hagakure Bushido who pursues “higurui”, it is highly consistent in insisting on the highest value of loyalty, though undertanding it differently. Loyalty is still one of the foundations of the spiritual background and moral civilization of today’s ethical culture of Japan. The difference in value orientation of loyalty within the ethical culture of China and Japan is an important ideological background for understanding the crux of Sino-Japanese political relations after World War TWO.

Keywords： loyalty; Bushido;HagakureKikigaki; psychological structure of cultures

AnalysisofPeppaPig’s“SocialMan”LabelfromthePerspectiveofYouthSubculture/CHENLifeng

Abstract： The British TV animated short film “Peppa Pig” was originally intended for preschool children, but it suddenly became popular in China. After the adult interpretation of the netizens and the second creation, Peppa Pig became a network youth subculture symbol. Through the analysis of the “Social Man” label of Peppa Pig, it aims to understand the cultural representation and its social and cultural implication behind it, and then explore the reasons of the formation and popularity of the “Social Man” label from the perspective of youth subculture.

Keywords： Peppa Pig; “Social Man” label; youth subculture

AStudyofT.S.Eliot’sAestheticsofUgliness/LIUQianqian

Abstract： The 20thcentury has witnessed the transformation of aesthetics from beauty to ugliness which has become the main object in modernist literature. As the forerunner of modernist literature, T.S. Eliot plays an important role in this transformation of aesthetics. Eliot’s aesthetic views of ugliness include: ugliness is the pursuit of beauty in a negative way; ugliness is the combination of intellectuality and sensibility; ugliness is the unity of objectivity and subjectivity. His aesthetic views of ugliness are displayed as the writing of disabled body and spiritual illness, the portrayal of ugly and evil women as well as the depiction of sordid images. It finds that Eliot’s aesthetics of ugliness is closely interconnected with his religious consciousness, poetic views and creation concept. His aesthetic of ugliness is not only caused by his own personal experience such as his unfortunate marriage and suffering of disease, but also deeply rooted in the historical background such as the irrational turn in philosophy, modern transformation of aesthetics as well as social crises in the 20thcentury.

Keywords： T. S. Eliot; ugliness; aesthetics; poetry

OntheDialecticalRelationshipbetweenTraditionandtheIndividualTalent：RevisitingHaroldBloom,T.S.EliotandVirginiaWoolf/JIANGZhuyu

Abstract： Early in the 20thcentury, T.S. Eliot in his famous essay “Tradition and the Individual Talent” emphasizes the importance of tradition over individual creation, trying to rectify the situation where, thanks to the romantic school, personal emotions are overemphasized. Nowadays, literary classics are in a similar dilemma, to adhere to the old or to embrace the new. Harold bloom suggests making the classic for the elite only, insisting that it be exclusive and selective. Yet, Eliot and Woolf suggest it be collective and unifying. Eliot denies extremely individualistic creation and asks for the collective personality, and Woolf, with a feminist perspective, calls attention to the lack of tradition for female writing and for a unity minds between genders. These ideas about the dialectical relationship between tradition and individual talent will make literary classics more helpful for not only researchers who embrace diversity and pluralism but also for writers who prefers more characteristic and original creation.

Keywords： literary classic; tradition; Harold Bloom; T.S. Eliot; Virginia Woolf

AStudyoftheEnglishTranslationofChina’sXia/DENGGaoshengYEXiaobao

Abstract： In recent years, China’s chivalrous culture has begun to spread in the English world, andxiais actually a group of people in Chinese history. To explore the English translation ofxia, we first investigate its origin and cultural connotations, compare the similarities and differences between China’s chivalrous spirit and the Western knighthood, and then analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different translations in the light of historical and textual contexts. Although there is no fixed translation ofxia, scholars and translators prefer domestication, while transliteratingxiathrough foreignization should be said to start late and not make much progress. Reviewing the English translations ofxiacan contribute to the translation of Chinese cultural words, and help the translation of Chinese literature and the going global of the Chinese culture.

Keywords：xia; cultural connotation; chivalrous spirit; knighthood; English translation

TranslatingShiJing:ATypology-basedStudyofItsEnglishVersions/ZUOYan

Abstract：ShiJinghas the double meaning of “poetry” and “classics”; meanwhile, it is closely associated with Rite and Music System in ancient Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, translators will adopt corresponding translation strategies for the original work according to different translation types and orientation. In this view, to study the structure ofShiJingfrom the perspective of translation typology is necessary. Based on the classification of textual functions, English versions ofShiJingcan be roughly divided into documentary versions and literary versions.The study of English translation types ofShiJingwill not only promote the further development of this field, but also provide reference for the genre-mixed problem in the translation of Chinese classics.

Keywords： English versions ofShiJing; text types; documentary version; literary version

TheImageofIntellectualsfromthePluralisticPerspectiveofLatinAmericanNarrativeLiterature:TakingBolao’s2666/ZHANGMenglu

Abstract： Bolao was a Chilean novelist and his novel2666revolves around the tortuous experience of a group of literary critics looking for the mystery writer behind the novel. From the perspective of diversification of realism, it vividly records the real situation of translators, critics, writers, and publishers in many countries in the 1990s and reveals the subtle relationship between today’s intellectual groups that are interdependent and full of contradictions. It also describes the role of literary criticism when the writer and his works went to the “altar” or to the “hell”. The novel shows a panoramic view of the behaviors and mental processes of intellectuals in the current literature circle, which has certain reference for us to observe the image of intellectuals in contemporary European and Latin American, and the development of the Latin America’s “literary explosion”.

Keywords： Latin America; narrative literature; Bolao;2666; intellectuals

AReviewoftheThirdInternationalSymposiumonSeaLiteratureandCulture:TheConstructionof“BluePoetics”and“ACommunityofSharedFuture” /XUEQiaopingDUANBo

Abstract： Recent years has witnessed in the maritime humanities an upsurge of “the new thalassology”, featured by an interdisciplinary study on the sea-based world of mobility, connectivity, networks, and individuals, which has promoted sea literature studies accordingly. Along with this tide, sea literature and cultural studies within China has also displayed a new climate. In order to promote sea literature studies in the new era, The 3rdInternational Symposium on Sea Literature and Culture was held at Ningbo University, with the following highlghts: the interdisciplinary paradigm of ocean, space, literary maps, and sea literature; the relationship between sea literature, national identity and “A Community of Shared Future”; Chinese and foreign sea writers and classic works from multi-cultural perspectives; the genre and paradigm of sea literature, etc. Above all, it is a genuine “Blue Poetic” event full of blue tone with a prominent theme, distinctive marine characteristics, and with a wide range of authors and works have being extensively explored covering Asia, America, Europe, and the Caribbean regions.

Keywords： sea literature; Blue Poetics; a community of shared future; national construction; interdisciplinary study