川芎嗪对血管内皮损伤的保护作用机制研究进展

2020-04-27 13:18李芳芳张琪
中国医药导报 2020年8期
关键词:川芎嗪氧化应激

李芳芳 张琪

[摘要] 血管内皮的受损程度与高血压等心血管疾病的发展进程密切相关。高血压、冠心病以及动脉粥样硬化等多种心血管疾病均会出现不同程度的血管内皮损伤,保护损伤的内皮细胞是心血管疾病防治的关键。川芎嗪是从中草药川芎中提取的一种生物碱,具有生物活性和多种药理作用。其药理作用包括延缓内皮细胞凋亡、促进血管新生、抗炎、抗氧化等,可用于治疗高血压病引起的血管结构和功能的改变。本文综述了川芎嗪抗高血压病血管内皮损伤的作用机制及其研究进展,为川芎嗪治疗心脑血管病的临床应用提供科学依据。

[关键词] 川芎嗪;血管内皮损伤;血管新生;氧化应激

[中图分类号] R965          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)03(b)-0025-04

[Abstract] The degree of vascular endothelial injury is closely related to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Many kinds of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, will present different degrees of vascular endothelial injury, and the protection of injured endothelial cells is the key to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Tetramethylpyrazine is a kind of alkaloid extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.. It has biological activity and many pharmacological effects. Its pharmacological effects include, delaying endothelial cell apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. It can be used to treat the changes in vascular structure and function caused by hypertension. This article reviews the research progress of Tetramethylpyrazine against vascular endothelial injury in hypertension, and provides scientific basis for the clinical application of Tetramethylpyrazine in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

[Key words] Tetramethylpyrazine; Vascular endothelial injury; Angiogenesis; Oxidative stress

高血压病属于心血管系统的常见病,是一种受多种要素影响的慢性阶段性疾病,具有较高的发病率和致死率,持续性高血压容易导致血管功能病变以及血管结构病变。血管内皮细胞位于血管内面,是一层扁平上皮细胞,具有调节血管通透性与紧张性、凝血與抗凝血、平滑肌增殖与迁移的作用,并参与免疫反应,且能分泌多种生长因子,对于血管功能的正常发挥至关重要[1-2]。血管内皮受损后,其分泌功能和屏障作用会减弱,高血压、冠心病、动脉粥样硬化等多种心血管疾病均会出现血管内皮损伤。血管内皮损伤的机制主要涉及血管舒缩状态失衡、内皮细胞凋亡、血管新生、炎症、氧化应激等。

川芎(Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.)最早记载于《神农本草经》,属伞形科植物,临床应用历史悠久。川芎嗪(2,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪,Tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)是川芎的主要有效成分之一,是从其根茎中提取的一种活性生物碱,TMP在我国已广泛应用于治疗高血压等心血管疾病[3]。研究显示,TMP具有延缓细胞凋亡、促进血管新生、抗炎、抗氧化等多种药理作用[4-5]。为了进一步研究TMP抗血管内皮损伤的作用机制,本文重点综述了TMP抗血管内皮损伤的作用机制以及研究进展,为临床合理用药提供科学依据。

1 一氧化氮(NO)与内皮素(ET)

血管内皮细胞可参与合成并分泌多种活性物质,最主要的有NO和ET-1,其可调节血管的舒缩状态。在生理状态下,ET与NO始终保持着平衡,从而维持血管的正常舒缩,是体现血管内皮功能的代表性指标[6]。高血压病在发展过程中,ET与NO失衡,血管收缩占据了主导地位,从而使血压升高,造成血管内皮功能损害。有研究显示,TMP能够使ET与NO维持动态平衡,Feng等[7]发现TMP可使肺动脉高压患者血浆中的NO水平上升,ET-1水平下降。TMP可使缺氧诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤的ET水平下降,NO水平上升,进而调节血管舒缩功能[8]。Li等[9]通过建立大鼠慢性酒精性脑病模型,发现TMP可降低ET-1水平,还可以增加血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达,提高学习能力,这些结果提示,TMP对慢性酒精性脑病的治疗作用可能与调节ET-1水平和VEGF表达有关。方浩[10]研究显示,TMP通过下调ET-1水平进而保护妊娠期高血压患者血管内皮细胞。TMP可通过影响环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)的分泌进一步影响血管内皮细胞释放NO,从而舒张血管[11]。TMP通过下调ET水平和上调NO水平来平衡血管舒缩状态。

6 小結

中草药川芎,在我国已应用上千年,临床应用极其广泛,临床疗效确切。川芎的主要成分TMP,在当代药理研究中,应用广泛,价值极高。TMP保护血管内皮损伤的作用机制可能与平衡血管舒缩状态、延缓内皮细胞凋亡、促进血管新生、抗炎、抗氧化等多种作用有关。尽管对TMP的现代药理作用研究众多,相对深入,也有对其衍生物及与其他药物联合应用的报道,但相对较少,机制尚不明确。应加强这些方面的研究工作,开发出药效更好、稳定性更强的TMP使用制剂,进一步详细阐明TMP保护血管内皮损伤的机制,为TMP在临床治疗心脑血管病方面提供更加科学有效的依据。

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(收稿日期:2019-09-04  本文編辑:封   华)

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