PLANET EARTH Ⅲ（Part Two）

◎万宇婧

这是一部非常经典的纪录片，上期我们了解了三种热带动物，本期我们将走近另外三种动物，了解它们在雨林和湿地中生存的故事。

剧情概要

《地球脉动第三季》呈现了地球上的壮丽美景和奇特地貌，以绝美的画面展示了大自然的宏伟景象，从微妙细腻的小生物到壮丽的自然奇观。这部纪录片记录了无数生物在各自的栖息地中生活，适应着严酷的自然环境，顽强地追逐着新的一天到来的故事。全片以充满美感和温暖的基调呈现，让人感受到对大自然的敬畏和歌颂。

Scene A

一头年迈的雌性白灵熊，捕鱼却是灵敏得很。白灵熊捕食鲑鱼，吃剩下的鲑鱼成了雨林中沃土的养分，促进了雨林中树木的生长。如此循环，白灵熊在这样一个健康的家园里养老，想必也是惬意的。

Track 6

Forests, at first sight,m a y s e e m q u i e t a n d tranquil.But today we can explore them in new ways,and from a new perspective.And in fact, they are full of unexpected connections, relationships and even secret messages.Only now are we discovering how strange and complex forests actually are.

The1)temperate rain forests of western Canada.Some of the trees here are a thousand years old.And the beginning of a2)spectacle that each year transforms this forests and all that lives in it.After years at sea, thousands of Pacific salmon are returning to these3)streams to breed.And they attract the forest’s rarest4)resident.

A spirit bear, a white variant of the black bear.Fewer than one hundred and fifty5)exist, and they are found only here.This female has fished for salmon here for twenty years.Get your timing right, and there can be great6)rewards.In her youth she was, in fact, even more successful than the black bears.Perhaps her pale coat makes it difficult for the fish to see her against the bright sky.And that could give her an advantage.But now she is old, and this year she is finding it hard.Her fishing skills, however,haven’t totally7)deserted her.This8)annual feast helps her to fatten, ready for the winter ahead.

But it also helps the patch of forest where she lives.This female has an unusual relationship with the forest.Every fish9)carcass she leaves behind decays,releasing10)nutrients that soak into the soil.And there, they are collected by a network of fungi.The threads attach themselves to the tree’s roots, and nutrients from the fish collected by the fungi are then passed on to the trees.As a consequence the forest around the river grows three times faster than elsewhere.And some trees here, become as tall as any in the world, and provides spirit bears with a healthy forest home.

1) temperateadj.温带的；温和的

2) spectaclen.奇观

3) streamn.小溪；小河

4) residentn.居民；住户

5) existv.存在；生存

6) rewardn.奖励；回报

7) desertv.舍弃

8) annualadj.一年一度的

9) carcassn.（尤指供食用的）畜体；残骸

10) nutrientn.养分；营养物

乍看之下，森林里一片安静祥和的景象。但如今我们能够以全新的方式展开探索，以新的视角加以审视。其实，森林中充满了各种意想不到的连接和关系，乃至秘密信号。直到现在，我们才发现，森林实际上是多么奇妙而又复杂。

这里是加拿大西部的温带雨林。这里的一些树木已有千年树龄。每年一度的自然奇观即将改变这片雨林以及生活在其中的动物。在海上生活多年之后，成千上万的太平洋鲑鱼将洄游到这些溪流的上游繁殖后代。它们引来了雨林中最罕见的居民。

白灵熊，它是黑熊的变种。白灵熊在世界上仅存不到150 头，而且只生活在这里。这头雌性白灵熊20 年来一直在这里捕食鲑鱼。把握好时机，就能获得丰厚的回报。它年轻的时候，捕鱼的成功率比黑熊还高。或许是因为，天气晴好的时候，它的一身白毛让鲑鱼很难发现它的身影，因此让它占据了优势。但是现在，这头白灵熊老了，今年尤为力不从心。不过，它的捕鱼技能并没有完全荒废。一年一度的捕鱼盛宴能让它储备脂肪，为即将到来的冬天做好准备。

同时这也有益于它生活的这片雨林。这头雌熊与雨林形成了一种特殊的关系。它吃剩下的鲑鱼最终会腐烂，释放出营养物质，渗入土壤之中。在地面之下，真菌网络会收集这些养分。这些菌丝会附着在树根上，把从残羹冷炙中积累的养分输送给林中的树木。因此，河流周围的雨林生长速度要比其他地方快三倍。这里的树木挺拔耸立，高度居世界之冠，并为白灵熊提供了一个健康的雨林家园。

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only 倒装句

原文：Only now are we discovering how strange and complex forests actually are.

1.当 only 位于句首，后接副词、介词短语或从句等作状语时，主句要用倒装结构。

【例】Only in this way can you speak English well.

只有通过这种方法，你才能讲好英语。

注意：① only + 状语不在句首时，主句不可用倒装结构。

【例】I wrote to him only yesterday.

就在昨天我给他写了封信。

② only + 名词作主语时，主句不可用倒装结构。

【例】Only Mike can answer this question.

只有麦克能回答这个问题。

2.当not only…but also连接两个分句时，第一个分句要用倒装结构。

【例】Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.

他不但是一位名师，而且是一位诗人。

Scene B

人类不断地砍伐树木，导致森林资源枯竭，失去家园的黑猩猩们被迫穿过马路，前往人类的村庄。黑猩猩是人类的近亲，却无法与人类共存，这一切的始作俑者，究竟是谁？

Track 7

Uganda, East Africa.This small group of chimpanzees have a11)detailed knowledge of the forest territory that they inherited from12)previous generations.They know the best places to shelter, to raise their young, and to feed.

This fruiting tree cannot, by itself,13)sustain the chimps for long.The alpha male signals that it is time to move on.Where he goes,others will follow.He leads them, not to another fruiting tree, but into a new world.

This road, only recently built, has cut through their territory.The alpha male is cautious.His own mother was killed on this road.He makes sure it is clear before crossing with the slower members of his family.If the group is to get what they need, they will have to go against their natural instincts, and14)approach humans.

But their new neighbors are friendly, and they allow the chimps to collect15)jackfruit—the largest of all tree fruits.Jackfruit grow all year round in people’s gardens.And they are more nutritious than the limited amount of wild food that chimps can now find in what remains of their forest.

But this is a new world, and a new relationship.New16)boundaries need to be established.Some of the chimps start to help themselves to people’s17)crops.They have outstayed their welcome, and the alpha male decides that it’s time to leave.But these highly intelligent animals, our closest living relatives,have managed, just about, to carve out a place for themselves, in this changing world.Animals have maintained a long-established relationship with forests.But as we continue to break our connections with them, the question is for how much longer will they survive? Surely the time has come to rebuild them.

11) detailedadj.详尽的

12) previousadj.以前的；先前的

13) sustainv.维持；承受

14) approachv.靠近

15) jackfruitn.波罗蜜

16) boundaryn.分界线；边界

17) cropn.庄稼

这里是东非的乌干达。这一小群黑猩猩对森林领地了如指掌，这是它们从上一代那里传承下来的本领。它们知道哪里是最佳的庇护所、育儿所以及觅食地。

这棵果树无法长期为黑猩猩们提供食物。雄性首领发出信号，表示是时候前往其他地方了。它走到哪里，其他同伴就跟随到哪里。它们的目的地不是另一棵果树，而是一个新的世界。

这条近期修建的公路，横穿了它们的领地。雄性首领很谨慎，它的母亲就是在这条公路上丧命的。它确认道路畅通无阻后，才带着速度较慢的家族成员穿过。要想得到它们生存所必需的资源，它们必须违背自己的本能，并且接近人类。

但是它们的人类邻居很友好。他们允许黑猩猩摘取波罗蜜——树上结的果实中最大的一种。人类的种植园里，一年四季都有波罗蜜在生长。这些波罗蜜比现在森林里所能找到的有限食物更有营养。

而这是一个新的世界，双方必须建立起新的关系。这也意味着需要划分出新的界限。一些黑猩猩随意糟蹋了人类种植的庄稼。它们不再受欢迎了。雄性首领决定，是时候离开了。

这些高智商的动物，与人类有着最亲近的亲缘关系，足以在这个不断变化的世界中为自己争取到一席之地。动物与森林之间的联系源远流长，但问题是，随着我们不断破坏人类与森林的联系，这些森林还能够存在多久？毫无疑问，重建森林迫在眉睫。

考点解析

help 常见考点和固定搭配

原文：Some of the chimps start to help themselves to people’s crops.

1.help oneself to sth 是一种习惯用法，用于对客人劝菜、劝饭时，其中的to是介词。

【例】Help yourself to some fruit.请吃水果。

help oneself to sth 也可表示“顺手牵羊”，含有“小偷小摸”之义。

【例】They helped themselves to the farmer’s apples.

他们擅自拿农场主的苹果吃。

2.help sb (to) do sth 表示“帮助某人做某事”。

【例】I usually help my mom to do housework.=I usually help my mom do housework.

我经常帮妈妈做家务。

3.help sb with sth 表示“帮助某人某事；在某方面帮助某人”。

【例】He always helps me a lot with maths.

他经常在数学方面帮助我很多。

Could you help me with my Chinese?

你能在语文方面帮助我吗？

4.help 作名词，表示“帮助;帮忙”。

【例】Thank you for your help.

谢谢你的帮助。

I am gradually interested in maths with her help.

在她的帮助下，我逐渐对数学感兴趣。

5.help 还常见于一些交际用语。

【例】Can/Could I help you?/May I help you?

我可以为您效劳吗？

Scene C

在洪水泛滥的陆地上，有优秀的捕猎者，也有擅长游泳的“大长腿”们。这是杂色狼群与驴羚群之间的追逐战。从陆地到深水，捕猎者最终能否成功？

Track 8

Fresh water shapes the land and the creatures that live in it, in the most surprising ways.Whilst lily-trotters are well adapted to life in this flooded world.These residents of the18)delta are not.African painted dogs, normally, they are remarkably successful hunters.But this pack of five hasn’t eaten in days.Finding19)prey isn’t the problem.This20)herd of lechwe is only a few hundred meters away.But between them is deep water.It’s not safe to cross here.On dry land, the dogs can run at over forty miles an hour.

But when threatened, lechwe always21)seek the safety of water.With their splayed hooves and long hind legs, they can power their way through the water.The dogs can’t.The pack won’t be able to outswim the lechwe.But they do have a22)strategy.The dogs drive the lechwe to where they have the advantage, back towards dry land.Now the pack can regain lost ground.Success today, but tomorrow the pack will need to hunt again.

18) deltan.三角洲

19) preyn.猎物；捕获物

20) herdn.兽群

21) seekv.寻找；寻求

22) strategyn.策略；行动计划

淡水以令人震撼的方式塑造了陆地以及所有的陆地生物。非洲水雉很好地适应了这片洪泛世界。但是一些三角洲的常住居民还没有适应。杂色狼，又名非洲野犬，它们通常是非常成功的猎手。但是这五头杂色狼已经好几天没有吃东西了。要发现猎物并不难，几百米外的地方就有一群驴羚。但在它们之间有一条深水河，直接穿行过去不太安全。在干燥的陆地上，杂色狼的奔跑速度可以超过每小时40 英里（约64 千米）。

但是，驴羚在遇到危险时，会前往安全的近水区域。它们的蹄子可以张开，而且后腿很长，因此可以涉水行进。但杂色狼没有这样的本领，杂色狼游不过驴羚。但它们另有计策。杂色狼把驴羚驱赶到了有利于自己的地方，又回到了干燥的陆地继续追击。这群杂色狼现在可以扳回一局了。它们今天成功了，但明天还要继续捕猎。

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学会区分can 和be able to

原文：The pack won’t be able to outswim the lechwe.

can 和be able to 都可以表示能力，但它们的用法和含义有所不同。

1.使用的语境和含义不同

can 更强调内在能力，如智力、技巧或天赋。它通常用于表示抽象的概念，比如“我可以画画”。

be able to 强调外部条件和可能性，如机会、条件或健康状况等。它通常用于描述具体的、客观的能力，例如“因为受伤，他无法跑步”。

表达通过努力可以具备某种能力或拥有某种状态时，be able to 更强调努力的过程，而can 则无法表达这种含义。例如，“I am able to play the piano.”可以理解为“只要我努力，我就有能力学会弹钢琴”，而“I can play the piano.”则无法表达这种含义。

2.时态和语态不同

在使用时态上，be able to 可用于各种时态;而can 为情态动词，多用于现在时，其过去式为could。

【例】He will be able to be an artist when he grows up.=He can become an artist when he grows up.

他长大后能够成为一名艺术家。

3.既可以用can 又可以用be able to 的情况

表示主语原本就具有某种能力时，can 和be able to 可以互换。例如，“I can play the piano.”和“I am able to play the piano.”均可以表达为“我会弹钢琴”。